Plate Tectonics
What are the 4 layers of the Earth called?
Crust, Mantle, Inner Core, Outer Core
Name the 3 types of Plate Boundaries
Destructive/Constructive/Passive (Convergent, Divergent, Transform)
What is a dormant volcano?
A volcano that has not erupted in thousands of years but still has magma in the chamber so it could still erupt at any time.
What is the Focus of an earthquake?
The point on the fault line where the earthquake begins.
When Pangaea first split, what were the two continents called?
Laurasia and Gondwanaland
What are the 2 sections of the mantle called?
Asthenosphere and Lithosphere
Name one landform formed at a constructive Plate Boundary? Name a known example
Mid-ocean ridge, Rift Valleys
Mid Atlantic Ridge
Does Acidic lava move fast or slow?
Slow.
What is Magnitude?
The greatness of the size or power of an earthquake?
What is a fissure?
long, narrow crack/gap opening along the surface of the earth.
Which scientist proved the theory of continental drift?
Alfred Wegener
What are the 3 types of Destructive Plate Boundaries called?
Oceanic - Oceanic
Oceanic - Continental
Continental - Continental
The largest concentration of volcanoes on Earth is called what ?
Pacific Ring of Fire
Name the 3 types of Seismic Waves? Which is the strongest?
P Waves, S Waves, Surface Waves
Surface Waves
Name the Irish examples of extrusive and intrusive volcanic landforms?
Extrusive - Giants Causeway
Intrusive - Leinster Batholith
Give 3 theories that prove continental drift?
Continental Fit, Plant Fossils, Animal Fossils, Glacial Deposits, Rock Folds
Which 2 plates collided to from the Himalayas?
Eurasian and Indian Plates
Volcanoes can be formed at plate boundaries, where else can they be formed?
At Hotspots
What is the most accurate scale we use to measure earthquakes?
Moment Magnitude Scale
What gas to most rocks contain?
Radon
Explain how Thermal Convection Currents work?
Heat rises up through the Mantle to the Transition Zone just under the crust. This causes the molten rock under the crust to move in convection currents. When this molten rock moves, it creates a drag effect under the Crust that actually pulls the Crust with it. This is how the plates of the Crust move.
Explain a Subduction Zone?
the process that occurs when two tectonic plates meet at convergent boundaries, and one of the plates moves under the other one due to gravity and differences in density.
3 positive impacts of Volcanoes and examples of each?
Geothermal Energy in Iceland.
Creation of New Land. - Iceland, Hawaii
Fertile Soils. - Fruit and Veg grown on the sides of active volcanic mountains.
Tourism - Iceland
Explain Liquefaction?
When the ground shakes violently, groundwater is forced up to the surface, the soil then takes on properties of liquid. The soil can then no longer hold the weight of buildings, etc.
Name 3 factors that affect the damage caused by Earthquakes?
Magnitude, Depth, Developing vs Developed Country, Time of Day, Population Density, Rescue services.