Civil Rights
Ratified in 1865, this amendment formally ended the institution of slavery.
What is the 13th Amendment?
This Reconstruction plan required only 10% of a state's voters to take a loyalty oath to the Union.
What is Lincoln's Ten Percent Plan?
These laws were passed by Southern states after the Civil War to restrict the rights of African Americans and maintain racial hierarchy. (Vagrancy Laws)
What are the Black Codes?
The Reconstruction Acts, passed by Congress in 1867, forced Southern states to ratify the 14th amendment and divided the South into this many military districts
What is five?
This controversial presidential election ended with disputed results and led to a major political compromise.
What is the Election of 1876?
This amendment ensures that the right to vote cannot be denied based on race, color, or previous condition of servitude.
What is the 15th Amendment?
This Congressional Reconstruction plan demanded a majority of voters take a loyalty oath and stricter requirements for re-admittance.
What is the Wade-Davis Bill?
These state and local laws enforced racial segregation in the South after Reconstruction.
What are Jim Crow Laws?
This term referred to Northerners who moved to the South during Reconstruction, often seen as exploiting the region for personal gain.
Who are Carpetbaggers?
This agreement resolved the disputed election by granting the presidency to the Republican candidate in exchange for the withdrawal of federal troops from the South.
What is the Compromise of 1877?
This amendment granted citizenship and equal protection under the law to all persons born or naturalized in the United States.
What is the 14th Amendment?
This president's Reconstruction plan pardoned most Southerners and allowed Southern states to quickly rejoin the Union without strong protections for freedmen.
What is Johnson's Plan?
This white supremacist group used violence and terror to oppose Reconstruction efforts and suppress African American rights.
What is the Ku Klux Klan (KKK)?
This term was used for Southern whites who supported Reconstruction and worked with Republicans, often viewed as traitors by other Southerners.
Who are Scalawags?
This man became president after the Compromise of 1877, effectively marking the end of Reconstruction.
Who is Rutherford B. Hayes?
The last major piece of reconstruction legislation that aimed to guarantee African Americans equal treatment in public accommodations.
What is the Civil Rights Act of 1875?
This unfulfilled promise, made by General Sherman, was intended to provide freed African Americans with land and resources to start a new life after slavery.
What is "40 Acres and a Mule"?
This term refers to Southern Democrats who sought to reclaim control of the South from Republican governments during and after Reconstruction.
Who are the Redeemers?
This man was the first African American to serve in the U.S. Senate, representing Mississippi during Reconstruction.
Who is Hiram Revels?
This Democratic candidate won the popular vote in the 1876 election but lost the presidency after the Compromise of 1877.
Who is Samuel Tilden?
This 1954 Supreme Court case declared that racial segregation in public schools was unconstitutional, overturning the "separate but equal" doctrine.
What is Brown v. Board of Education?
This 1896 Supreme Court case upheld racial segregation under the "separate but equal" doctrine.
What is Plessy v. Ferguson?
This agricultural system kept many freed African Americans and poor whites in a cycle of debt by requiring them to give a portion of their crops to landowners in exchange for land and tools.
What is Sharecropping?