Cell Division
What is the order of cell division?
Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
telophase
cytokinesis
Describe what happens in the telophase.
The nuclear membrane forms around each new set of chromosomes, and they begin to pull apart.
What organelle is critical for cell division?
Centrosomes/centrioles and the nucleus
Define tumor.
The accumulation of abnormal cells to form a tissue mass.
What is binary fission?
It’s a form of asexual reproduction often found in bacteria.
Describe what happens in the interphase.
Cells prepare for division, DNA is replicated, and organelles perform their functions. This is the growing phase.
Describe what happens in the cytokinesis phase.
The cell membrane pinches in unit, and the two daughter cells separate.
What part of the cell theory best supports healing and regeneration?
All cells come from pre-existing cells.
Define Apoptosis
programmed cell death
How do some chemicals increase a person’s cancer risk?
By causing cell mutations, which tend to be uncontrollable. UV rays, smoking, and chemical inhalation increase the chances of cancer.
Describe what happens in the prophase.
The membrane around the nucleus disintegrates.
What are the phases in interphase?
Gap 1: cells carry out their functions, grow, and make proteins
Synthesis: undergo DNA replication
Gap 2: more growth, protein synthesis, preparation for division with a number of organelles.
What is the difference between cancerous cells and healthy cells?
Cancer cells divide uncontrollably and do not have programmed cell death.
Define carcinogen.
Substances known to produce or promote cancer
What is an example of apoptosis?
Up until 6 weeks of gestation, babies have webbed fingers and toes.
Describe what happens in the metaphase.
Sister chromatids move towards the middle of the cell into a line called the metaphase plate.
Why does the interphase take longer than mitosis?
It has much more complex set of cellular processes, including cell growth, protein synthesis, and DNA replication. It accounts for 90% of cell life, and 10% is mitosis and actually dividing.
Name the different levels of biological organization.
Cells
Tissues
Organs
Organ System
Organism/Human
Cells with specialized functions
DAILY DOUBLE
What is the difference between malignant tumors and benign?
Benign tumors generally don't invade and spread, malignant cells are more likely to metastasize, or travel to other areas of the body.
Why would DNA replication need to take place before cells divide in mitosis?
to maintain the same number of chromosomes in the daughter cells as in the parent cell
Describe what happens in the anaphase.
Centrioles start to pull on the spindle fibers to separate them.
How do cancerous cells affect our body's homeostasis?
Cancer cells rapidly divide without control, making them overcrowded and unable to function correctly and carry out their functions.
Define Stem Cells
Lack specialized functions.
A scientist observes two newly divided daughter cells. One cell has double the amount of DNA and the other has no DNA in it. Which of the following statements is the most logical explanation of what went wrong?
During anaphase, the spindle fibers did not attach to one side of the chromosomes.