Transcription and Translation
What is the process by which DNA is copied to mRNA?
What is transcription?
What three-nucleotide sequence on mRNA encodes for a specific amino acid?
What is a codon?
What is a mutation?
What is a change in the DNA sequence?
What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?
What is to carry the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome?
How many nucleotides are in a codon?
What is three?
Describe a point mutation.
What is a mutation that involves a change in a single nucleotide?
Describe the process of translation.
What is the process where ribosomes use mRNA to synthesize proteins by linking amino acids together?
If the codon is AUG, what amino acid does it code for?
What is Methionine?
What is a frameshift mutation?
What is a mutation that occurs when nucleotides are added or deleted from the DNA sequence, shifting the reading frame?
What enzyme is responsible for synthesizing mRNA during transcription?
What is RNA polymerase?
What is the significance of the start codon?
What is it signals the beginning of translation?
Give an example of a nonsense mutation.
What is a mutation that creates a stop codon prematurely, resulting in a truncated protein?
Explain how the structure of DNA contributes to the process of transcription.
What is the double helix structure allows for complementary base pairing, enabling the synthesis of a complementary mRNA strand?
How can you use a codon chart to determine the amino acid sequence from a given mRNA strand?
What is by matching each codon to its corresponding amino acid on the chart?
How does a missense mutation differ from a silent mutation?
What is a missense mutation changes one amino acid in a protein, while a silent mutation does not change the protein at all?