Neoplasia
This type of growth breaks through the basement membrane and invades surrounding tissues
What is MALIGNANT NEOPLASM?
This state of diminished cardiac output or effective circulating blood volume results in cellular hypoxia and is a hallmark of circulatory collapse.
What is SHOCK?
This type of immunity is present at birth, responds immediately, and lacks immunologic memory.
What is INNATE immunity?
This type of inflammation is characterized by prolonged duration, tissue destruction, and fibrosis.
What is CHRONIC INFLAMMATION?
This type of feedback loop amplifies a change in a condition, as seen in processes like blood clot formation during injury.
What is a POSITIVE FEEDBACK LOOP?
This term describes a neoplastic cell population originating from a single transformed cell.
What is monoclonal?
This results from a blood clot breaking free and traveling to a distant site, such as the lungs or brain.
What is a thromboembolism?
This immune cell is primarily responsible for bridging the innate and adaptive immune systems by presenting antigens to T cells.
What is a DENDRITIC CELL?
Name the five cardinal signs of acute inflammation.
What are redness (rubor), swelling (tumor), heat (calor), pain (dolor), and loss of function?
These congenital anomalies arise from an extrinsic disturbance in morphogenesis.
What is a DEFORMATION?
This term describes a progressive wasting syndrome often seen in cancer patients, involving loss of fat and muscle despite adequate nutrient intake.
What is cachexia?
This is the process by which platelets form a temporary plug at the site of vascular injury.
What is HEMOSTASIS?
This type of hypersensitivity reaction involves IgE antibodies and results in conditions like hay fever, asthma, and anaphylaxis.
These are the first immune cells to arrive at the site of acute inflammation.
What are NEUTROPHILS?
This term refers to fatty plaques that form in the walls of medium and large arteries, often leading to coronary artery disease.
What is ATHEROSCLEROSIS?
Based on the TNM system for diagnosing tumors, the "stage" is determined by the ____?
What is the SPREAD of the tumor?
This term describes an area of ischemic necrosis caused by occlusion of arterial supply or venous drainage to a tissue.
What is an INFARCTION?
This component of adaptive immunity is mediated by antibodies produced by B cells and provides defense against extracellular microbes.
What is HUMORAL IMMUNITY?
List the two major vascular events of acute inflammation
What are vasodilation and vascular permeability?
This allergic hypersensitivity condition involves IgE-mediated mast cell degranulation and can cause airway remodeling if left untreated.
What is ASTHMA?
This gene acts as a tumor suppressor by halting the cell cycle and inducing apoptosis in damaged cells but is frequently mutated in cancers like colon and small cell lung cancers.
What is p53?
This triad outlines the three major factors leading to thrombus formation: endothelial injury, stasis or turbulence of blood flow, and hypercoagulability.
What is Virchow's Triad?
Mediated by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, this reaction causes delayed inflammation in conditions like contact dermatitis and tuberculosis.
What is Type IV Hypersensitivity reaction?
This specialized form of chronic inflammation features macrophages and can be classified as caseating or non-caseating.
What is granulomatous inflammation?
This obstructive lung disease involves irreversible enlargement of the alveolar spaces and destruction of lung tissue, often caused by smoking or an alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency.
What is EMPHYSEMA?