Outer/Middle Ear
Exostoses are known as _______.
Surfer's ear
True or False: The AAO-HNS strongly recommends immediate steroid treatment for sudden SNHL.
False- it is optional.
If untreated, hyperbilirubinemia can cause _________.
Kernicterus
What is the difference between correlation and causation?
Correlation refers to two variables following a similar trend. Causation refers to a relationship between two variables where one is resultant of the other.
Define tinnitus
Perception of a sound in the absence of external stimulus
Otitis externa is known as ________.
Swimmer's ear
What are 4 common symptoms of Meniere's disease?
Hearing loss (typically low frequency)
Tinnitus (often "roaring")
Aural fullness (experienced with the vertigo)
Vertigo (lasting hours)
Name three components of an ANSD diagnosis
Proof of cochlear function
Proof of abnormal auditory nerve function
Proof of presence of the auditory nerve
Define neuroplasticity
The brain's ability to respond to intrinsic or extrinsic stimuli by reorganizing its structure, function, and connections.
Name one disadvantage of utilizing behavioral tinnitus evaluations.
Do not objectively quantify the auditory attributes of tinnitus
They do not reflect the effect the tinnitus has on the patient
Not diagnostic, prognostic, responsive, or indicative of treatment needs
Tinnitus loudness matches and tinnitus loudness ratings generally do not correlate
Tinnitus pitch matches using pure tones are often unreliable (likely due to tinnitus sounding more spectral than tonal)
Although changes in MML have been cited as providing evidence of benefit from treatment, use of MMLs in this manner can be misleading (MMLs are not indicators of emotional or functional effects of tinnitus)
Overall, tinnitus psychoacoustic assessment has little if any value for clinical utilization, other than for counseling purposes.
Define chronic otitis media.
Otitis media lasting longer than one month.
What is the primary type of autoimmune inner ear disease?
When the disease is isolated to the inner ear
Vascular loop syndrome occurs when the ________ artery compresses on the VIIIth nerve.
Anterior inferior cerebellar
What are the three proposed mechanisms connecting hearing loss and cognition?
Sensory deprivation
Increased cognitive load
Social isolation
List three components of a behavioral tinnitus evaluation.
Pitch matching
Loudness matching
Residual inhibition
Minimum masking level
What are the three parts of the middle ear transfer function?
Area-ratio advantage
Lever advantage
Curved membrane advantage
Enlarged vestibular aqueduct is often seen in _______ syndrome.
Pendred
List three domains tested as part of a central auditory processing test battery.
Monaural Low Redundancy
Dichotic Listening
Temporal Processing
Binaural Interaction
Auditory Discrimination
The Lancet commission identified hearing loss as the largest ______ _________ ________ of dementia.
Modifiable risk factor
Lenire attempts to provide tinnitus relief through a technique called ____________ .
Bimodal stimulation
A collection of keratin-producing squamous epithelial cells within the middle ear
What is the duration of the ototoxic effect of analgesics?
Temporary
Per ASHA, there are three main modalities of intervention for CAPD. What are they?
Direct skills remediation
Environmental modifications
Compensatory strategies
The currently active ACHIEVE study provided preliminary results. What where they?
There was only a significant connection between hearing loss and cognition in patient's with history of cardiovascular disease.
Describe two proposed pathophysiologic mechanisms of tinnitus.
Anything listed from slide 12 of the tinnitus lecture. (Increase in auditory gain, leakage of neurotransmitters, cross-talk between nerve fibers, etc.)