Definitions
self - detemination
the right of a group to define and control its own governance and economic structures
What are three conditions that apply to all HR?
inalienable, equal, universal, indivisible
You must be aware of your rights to be entitled to them. T/F
False
What are third generation rights and how are they different from first- and second-generation rights?
Solidarity rights, which are collective rather than individual rights
What are some emerging issues that Fourth generation rights address?
climate change, biotechnologies
Possession paradox
We don't talk about rights until they are being violated, taken away
Provide 2 critiques of the Declaration of the Rights of Man
no rights for women, enslaved peoples, based on land ownership, entrenches inequality
What are the characteristics of liberal HR?
individualistic, linked to capitalism, property ownership
What factors contributed to the rise of third generation rights?
Colonization and imperialism / decolonization, dominance of global capitalism, wars, increasing inequality
Fourth generation rights are diverse. What do they have in common?
global issues, cannot be solved/regulated by individual states
Negative rights
do not require action to ensure them, only the requirment to NOT violate them
What changes in Europe contributed to the rise in claims for HR?
wars in name of religion/questioning church authority, and monarchies; colonialism/contact with non-western societies
Provide an example of each of the three categories of second generation rights (E S C)
examples of environmental, social and cultural rights
What are the conflicting rights is the TIPNIS case in Bolivia?
healthy environment; self - determination; culture vs economic development, sovereignty/self-determination
How are fourth generation rights reflected in national and international policies?
any examples:
International Declaration on the Rights of Mother Earth
Buen vivir /mother nature in constitutions of Bolivia, Ecuador
Rights of frogs, rivers, forests ...
caserolazo
banging pots and pans in popular protest, seen in the protests in Chile for example
What justification has been used for capital punishment in relation to the right to life?
this punishment should only be used in the most extreme cases of violation of the rights of others
What was the social context for the rise of claims for second generation rights
industrial revolution, urbanization, women and children in the workforce
According to Rashid Khalidi, what are the limits to nationalism in the context of Palestine?
Occupation can end 1 of three ways; ethnic nationalism does not allow for the existence, freedom or self-determination of the other
What is the Potato Park and how is it relevant to fourth generation rights?
conservation/development initiative; based on different values (buen vivir/ sumaq kausay) (not fully capitalist)
goes beyond human rights to consider the rights of mother nature
addresses climate change (research, adaptation and policies); biotechnologies (GMOs, gene sequencing)
morals of the market
freedom and equality require submission to markets
What is the significance of the 'hommes de couleur' in relation to HR?
claimed citizenship rights, solidarity with the French in conflict, and believed they should have the same rights
What is the League of Nations and why is it important for HR?
International organization formed after WWI to coordinate international collaboration for peace
What conflicts are inherent between rights included in Third Generation Rights?
impossible for all to claim all these rights without coming into conflict with others; states often dominate over other groups' interests (ie. IPs)
How has AI been used successfully to defend HR and what are the challenges with enforcing HR in the context of rising use of AI?
increased participation and documentation of HR abuses
states weaponizing AI against journalists and HR defenders; pushback against freedom of expression
social media enabling fake news and hate speech