Foundations of Reading
Reading and writing are not natural or easy for many students and often require this type of teaching
What is explicit instruction?
The smallest unit of sound in spoken language.
What is a phoneme?
This is the written system of language.
What is orthography?
This language structure deals with word and phrase meanings.
What is semantics?
This is reading words correctly, smoothly, and with appropriate rate.
What is fluency?
These are the five language processing requirements of proficient reading and writing: phonological, orthographic, semantic, syntactic, and discourse.
What are the language processing systems?
This area of Structured Literacy focuses on the speech sound system.
What is phonology?
This Structured Literacy area teaches students to connect letters and letter patterns to sounds.
What is phonics?
This language structure deals with the meaningful parts of words, such as prefixes, suffixes, roots, and base words.
What is morphology?
This type of assessment is used to identify students who may be at risk for reading difficulties.
What is screening?
These skills have reciprocal relationships: phonemic awareness, decoding, word recognition, spelling, and vocabulary knowledge.
What are foundational literacy skills?
This skill involves hearing, identifying, and manipulating individual sounds in spoken words.
What is phonemic awareness?
These texts are especially important for beginning readers because they align with taught phonics patterns.
What are decodable texts?
This language structure deals with sentence structure and grammar.
What is syntax?
This type of assessment is used regularly to see whether students are improving over time.
What is progress monitoring?
This type of instruction can prevent or reduce the severity of reading and writing problems, especially in the early grades.
What is effective classroom instruction?
These are the two major groups of English phonemes teachers must be able to identify, pronounce, classify, and compare.
What are consonant phonemes and vowel phonemes?
These words do not fully follow regular sound-spelling patterns and should be taught in small increments using special techniques.
talk
This language structure deals with the organization of spoken and written language beyond a sentence.
What is discourse?
These measures are often used for progress monitoring and can be graphed to show student growth.
What are Curriculum-Based Measures, or CBMs?
Reading skill exists on this, meaning students may have mild, moderate, or severe difficulties across reading subskills.
What is a continuum?
These are two recommended qualities of phonemic-awareness instruction listed in the standards: brief, multisensory, conceptual, articulatory, or auditory-verbal.
What are any two principles of phonemic-awareness instruction?
This type of word-reading instruction teaches students how to decode longer words in a planned, step-by-step way.
What is systematic multisyllabic word decoding instruction?
Structured Literacy directly teaches language at multiple levels: phonology, orthography, syntax, morphology, semantics, and this.
What is discourse?
Deep comprehension depends on multiple factors, including vocabulary, sentence comprehension, background knowledge, genre knowledge, and this broader ability to understand spoken and written language.
What is language comprehension?