Data representation
Which of the following values is larger:
F0
11111101
11111101
What is the name given to the method of transmitting data packets across a network, each data packet can take an individual pathway across the network.
Packet switching
Identify the names of three registers used by the CPU
Identify two roles of the operating system
Providing an interface
Managing files
Managing peripherals
Managing memory
Multitasking
managing interrupts
providing a platform for applications to run
Identify three cyber security threats
Viruses, worms, phishing, pharming, malware, hacking etc
The number of bits that are used to create each colour in an image
Identify two advantages of serial data transmission
Less chance of data be skewed
Less chance of interference
Cheaper as only one wire is needed
What is the name of a signal sent to the processor to tell it that its attention is required?
Interrupt
What are the three main components of a URL?
The protocol, the domain name and the webpage or file name.
Compare the two methods of data compression giving an example of when each should be used
Lossy compression uses an algorithm that finds unnecessary data and is permanently removed from the file. This is used in images and videos
Lossy compression reduces the size of a file by temporarily altering the data and restoring the data to its original. This is used in text files and program code.
What is the difference between symmetric and asymmetric encryption?
Symmetric encryption uses the same key to encrypt and decrypt data.
Asymmetric uses two different keys to encrypt and decrypt data.
Identify 4 stages of an automated system that uses sensors and actuators
Sensor captures reading
Reading is compared to the preset range
If the reading is outside the range then the actuator will take action i.e. use a motor to open the door or turn a light on
The process is continuous.
Describe the difference between high-level and low-level language.
High-level language is a programming language that uses English-like commands.
Low-level language is closer to the machine's language, this could be assembly language or binary code.
Describe the difference between persistent and session cookies
Session cookies are deleted when the web browser is closed. Persistent cookies are stored by the web browser until the user deletes it or because it has expired.
Describe the difference between ASCII and UNICODE
ASCII is a 7-bit code representing 128 different characters.
Unicode is 16 bit representing 65,536 different characters.
Identify and describe the structure of a data packet
Header- stores the IP address of the destination and sender and the packet number.
Payload- Stores the actual data
Trailer- Stores any error-checking method.
Primary storage is a type of storage directly accessed by the CPU.
Secondary storage is a type of storage that is designed to store data permanently until the user deletes it.
Identify two types of translators and describe the difference between them
Compiler- translates all of the code in one go.
Interpreter- translates the high level language one line at a time
Assembler- translates assembly language into program code.
Knowledge base, rule base, inference engine and the user interface