Mutation & DNA editing
This type of mutation replaces one or more nucleotides in a DNA molecule with other nucleotides.
What is nucleotide substitution?
A gene that codes for a product usually protein that controls the expression of other genes at the level of transcription.
What is a regulatory gene ?
DNA sequence able to insert itself at a new location in the genome without having any sequence relationship with the target focus.
What are transposones?
During "---------------" the conversion of cytosine to uracil happens.
What is somatic hypermutation?
Inactivation of genes that causes chromosome rearrangement that puts a gene in a region adjacent to heterochromatin.
What is position effect variegation (PEV)
This type of mutation causes shift in codon reading frame
what are insertions ?
The process by which the regulation of bacterial operon controls termination of transcription at a site before the structural gene.
What is attenuation?
Enzyme that is responsible for site-specific recombination that inserts one molecule of DNA into another .
What is integrase?
An endonuclease that processes double strand primary RNA into short ,~70 bp precursors for dicer inside the nucleus.
What is Drosha ?
A key protein in forming mammalian heterochromatin -> acts by binding to a methylated "histone 3".
What is HP1?
This point mutation can perform base substitutions from "purine to purine" & "pyrimidine to pyrimidine".
what is transition?
Gene expression is controlled by 5 major classes of transcriptional factors.
What are
1.steroid receptors
2.zinc finger motif
3.helix-turn-helix
4.helix loop helix
5.leucine zippers ?
A gene that is expressed in all cells because it provides basic functions needed for cell maintenance.
What is a housekeeping gene?
An endonuclease that processes double-strand precursors RNA to 21-23 nucleotides RNAi molecules.
What is Dicer?
A gene that codes for an RNA that is found only on inactive X chromosomes.
What is Xist?
This mutation changes the regular codon to a STOP codon --> truncated .
What is nonsense mutation?
This protein inhibits the expression of a gene.
what is a repressor?
A gene coding for a specialized function in cells.
What is a luxury gene?
This type of RNA is complementary to viruses and transposable elements , also originates from viral infections.
What is siRNA?
Hemimethylated DNA is converted to a fully methylated DNA .
What is methyltransferase?
This type of mutation changes a stop codon to a regular codon -> elongated protein.
what is a sense mutation ?
lac-d mutations can inactivate the repressor even if any of the four subunits is mutant.
What is dominant negative?
This type of "technology" looks at RNA expression and does transcriptional profiling.
What is DNA microarray technology ?
A RNA that has a complementary sequence to an RNA that is its target.
What is an antisense RNA?
This enzyme adds methyl group to unmethylated DNA.
What is de novo methyltransferase?