Bronze Age
This undeciphered script from Minoan Crete is one of the earliest examples of writing in the Aegean.
Linear A
The Renaissance scholar who described the Middle Ages as a “dark” period separating the Classical past and Renaissance.
Petrarch
What was the typical political structure of a Greek city-state?
Polis
Rome’s defeat of Carthage in this war gave it control of the western Mediterranean.
Second Punic War
This pharaoh is closely associated with the mortuary temple at Deir el-Bahri.
Hatshepsut
These circular grave structures at Mycenae, such as Grave Circle A, contained rich burial goods, including the famous “Mask of Agamemnon.”
Shaft Graves
This 19th-century German archaeologist, inspired by Homer’s epics, excavated the site of Troy.
Heinrich Schliemann
What is the Greek term for a heavily armed infantry soldier?
Hoplite
This Roman road, begun in 312 BCE, was one of the first major highways connecting Rome to its southern territories.
Via Appia
This New Kingdom pharaoh is credited with signing one of the earliest known peace treaties with the Hittites after the Battle of Kadesh.
Ramses II
The name of the shipwreck, discovered near Turkey, that revealed a wealth of Late Bronze Age trade items such as tin, copper, and luxury goods.
Uluburun shipwreck
This concept describes the ongoing reinterpretation of Classical Antiquity to meet the needs of later periods.
Reception
What was the Greek term for a marketplace or public square?
Agora
This battle in 31 BCE marked the end of the Roman Republic and the rise of Augustus as the first emperor.
Actium
The Rosetta Stone, which helped decode hieroglyphics, was created during the reign of this dynasty.
Ptolemaic dynasty
This Bronze Age volcanic eruption contributed to the decline of Minoan civilization.
Thera (Santorini)
The discovery of this buried Roman city in 1748 sparked a renewed interest in Classical Antiquity.
Pompeii
What was the key naval port of Athens called?
Piraeus
This Eastern religion was popular in Rome and spread by the army.
Mithraïsm
What was the impact of the Hyksos on Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period?
They introduced chariots and bronze weaponry, which the Egyptians later adopted and used to expel the Hyksos.
This type of pottery, often associated with Mycenaean trade, features distinctive handles for pouring liquids.
stirrup jars
This 18th-century art historian emphasized “noble simplicity and quiet grandeur” in Greek art.
Johann Joachim Winckelmann
What is the term for a Greek ruler who seized power unconstitutionally but often with popular support?
Tyrant
The Mahdia shipwreck revealed evidence of this unfinished type of object, suggesting artistic collaboration between Greece and Rome.
Sculptures
How did the Egyptians view the pharaoh during the Old Kingdom?
As a divine figure who maintained cosmic order, exemplified by the concept of Ma’at.