DNA Structure
What is the structure of DNA?
double helix
What does a Punnet square show/
all of the possible genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring of the parents.
What causes a frame shift mutation?
when a nucleotide base is added or deleted
How many times do cells divide in meiosis?
2 times
what is the human genome project?
A research projected that started in 1990
What are the four nucleotide bases?
Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, and Cytosine
Allele?
alleles are the different ways genes can be coded for
What is a missense mutation?
when the nucleotide bases make the codon create a different amino acid
What type of cells does meiosis create.
4 haploid non-identical daughter cells
Why was the human genome project important?
It led to innovation in personalized treatment for diseases
Where is DNA stored?
DNA is stored in chromosomes.
How do you fill in a Punnet square?
combine the alleles of the column and row of the square
What is a nonsense mutation?
a stop too early in the sequence
What is Anaphase 2?
The chromosomes of diploid cells start moving to opposite sides.
What is a possible negative of the human genome project.
It could edit genes wrong.
Where are chromosomes stored?
The nucleus
What are the four types of punnet square?
monohybrid cross, Incomplete dominance, codominant traits, x linked traits
What are the stop codons?
UAA, UAG, UGA
How many chromosomes are in a gamete cell?
23
How does CRISPR work?
It uses RNA to locate specific DNA sequences and replace them.
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Phenotype Vs Genotype
phenotype is the appearance of the offspring, phenotype is the alleles of the phenotype.
Where do silent mutations happen most of the time?
The third base of a codon or the wobble position
What are the 8 stages of meiosis?
Prophase 1, metaphase 1, Anaphase 1, telophase 1, prophase 2, metaphase 2, anaphase 2, telophase 2
What does CRISPR stand for?
Clustered, Regularly, Interspaced, Short, Palindramic, Repeats