Freud
What is the primary conflict in Freud's oral stage of psychosexual development?
Weaning - gaining independence from mom
If this doesn't happen - oral fixation occurs ie.thumb sucking r smoking later in life.
What are Erikson’s first two stages of psychosocial development?
Trust vs. Mistrust (Infancy)
Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt (Early Childhood).
What do the twin studies tell us about personality development?
Identicle twins seperated at birth are very similar in terms of intelligence, personality, and mental health.
What do studies of Romanian orphanages tell us, which supports the nurture argument?
reveal how deprivation affects brain development, social behaviors, and emotional regulation.
mris reveal small brain circumference
Define the DSM-5
The DSM-5 is a manual used to diagnose mental health disorders.
What is a fixation in Freud’s theory?
A fixation is when a person becomes stuck at a particular stage due to unresolved conflicts.
Describe the conflict faced during Erikson's adolescence stage.
Identity vs. Role Confusion – adolescents struggle to develop a clear sense of self and personal identity.
what does Epigenetics tell us about the influence of nature?
certain traits are influenced by genetic predispositions
What do cases of feral children tell us about the nurture argument?
Cases like Genie Wiley demonstrate how lack of socialization and language exposure limits cognitive and emotional development.
What are;
-exposure therapy?
-CBT
Exposure therapy - treatment that was developed to help people confront their fears
CBT - based on the concept that your thoughts, feelings and actions are interconnected, and that negative thoughts and feelings can trap you in a negative cycle of behaviour. CBT aims to help you deal with problems in a more positive way.
What does the child experience during the phallic stage
Oedipus Complex
Electra Complex
What is the name of Erik Erikson's Theory?
Psychosocial Theory
How is the Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) an argument for the nature side?
Studies reveal strong genetic components in conditions like autism, supporting the argument for nature's influence.
What is the connection between Socioeconomic Status (SES) and Education and the nurture argument?
Research shows that children from enriched environments often perform better academically, suggesting the importance of nurture in intellectual development
What is the difference between maladaptive and adaptive behavior?
Maladaptive behavior interferes with functioning and can cause harm, while adaptive behavior helps individuals cope and thrive.
What is the name of the stage where sexual energy dies down and children can redirest energy towards acquiring new skills and knowledge?
Latency
What happens during the stage of Intimacy vs. Isolation?
establish initmate realtionships with others
What are some "conditions" that seem to have a genetic component? Name 2
There are genetic Links to Mental Health and Alcoholism
How can one develop Resiliency?
Environmental support and personal determination
What are some examples of disorders that might be diagnosed using the DSM-5?
Examples include anxiety disorders, depression, schizophrenia, and eating disorders
What is the name of the stage we enter after puberty, where hormones are "raging" ?
Genital
How does Erikson’s theory differ from Freud’s in terms of personality development?
Erikson’s theory focuses on social stages of development across the lifespan, while Freud’s focuses on sexual stages during childhood.
How is the physiology of a serial killer different? Name 2
amygdala is 18% smaller - less activity in the amygdala
resting H.R. is slower
How does epigenetics fit into the nurture argument?
certain traits are activated or suppressed by environmental factors.
What does DSM-5 TR stand for and what organization wrote it?
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition - Text review
American Psychiatric Association