Learning Target 1
A factor that limits the growth, and/or distribution of a population of organisms in an ecosystem
What is a limiting factor?
This is the only source of light in the deepest parts of the ocean, where sunlight cannot penetrate beyond approximately 600 meters.
What is bioluminescence?
This is a definition and example of a phenotype.
What is an organism’s observable traits or characteristics, which result from interactions between the genetic makeup of the individual and its environment? (example: physical features like hair color, eye color, skin color, or behavioral characteristics, like migratory, territorial, maternal/paternal towards its young, etc.)
This is how an allele relates to a gene.
An allele is a different variation of a gene (which is a section of DNA that encodes for a trait/phenotype)
This is an explanation of what evolution really is.
What is
a change in the frequency of alleles in a population over time
it’s any shift in allele frequencies in a population over generations – whether that shift is due to natural selection or not, and whether that shift makes the population better suited for its environment or not
This is the reason why deep sea environments often have relatively low oxygen levels compared to surface waters.
What is reduced water circulation and lack of sunlight for photosynthesis (so oxygen isn’t being produced)
These are the two primary factors driving thermohaline circulation, which influences global ocean currents.
What are temperature and salinity?
Natural selection cannot happen without this being true for the population.
What is phenotypic variation within/across the population of their heritable phenotypes?
This is an explanation of the concept of allele frequency and how it can change throughout the generations.
What is: natural selection acts on an organism’s phenotype (their traits), which is due to their alleles.
When a phenotype produced by certain alleles helps organisms survive and reproduce better than their peers,
natural selection can increase the frequency of the helpful alleles from one generation to the next within a population
This is the original source of all differences in alleles!
What are mutations! Which can be neutral, beneficial, or harmful :000
We cannot classify aquatic biomes based on their predominant photosynthesizing organisms, like terrestrial biomes, because...
What is: Since cyanobacteria are free-floating & not specific to a region, we can’t use them to characterize aquatic biomes from each other
This is when there are highest tidal fluctuations.
What is: during full and new moons?
This is the theory of natural selection.
What is: since resources are limited in nature, organisms with heritable traits that favor survival and reproduction will tend to leave more offspring than their peers, causing the traits to increase in frequency over generations
This is one of the types of natural selection processes, and an explanation.
What is .... um, yeah. i'll leave this correct response thingy blank because of... reasons
This is an explanation of the concept of genetic drift.
What are random changes in allele frequencies within a population, leading to reduced genetic variation over time. It occurs by chance, not due to natural selection, and its effects are most pronounced in small populations.
ex.) a bird eats 2 seeds from a flower population with multiple different flower colors, then drops them off in a new location, where the seeds grow into a new population with less variety
These are two properties of water that make water excellent at facilitating life on the planet
What is: It's a powerful solvent (allows and facilitates chemical reactions necessary for life, especially involving polar molecules), it's liquid at most temperatures on earth (water-dwelling organisms can live at a large range of temps), highly stable due to its high specific heat (organisms that are mostly made of water can maintain homeostasis), less dense as a solid (ice floats and water-dwelling organisms can survive), and it's buoyant and viscose (reduced need for support structure development-- for example, aquatic plants don't need strong stems)
The permanent separation of warm surface waters from cold deeper waters in tropical oceans is due to this phenomenon, which only breaks down seasonally in temperate regions.
What is thermal stratification?
This is the definition and an example of phenotypic plasticity.
What is the ability of an organism to change its phenotype in response to environmental conditions? (ex. plants that are grown in a high CO2 environment develop with low stomata density, whereas plants that are grown in a low CO2 environment develop with high stomata density)
These are the remaining two types of natural selection processes and an explanation of both of those.
What is, yeah
This is one of the types of genetic drift, and an example :3
What is... mhm. yeah
This is the definition of a thermocline, and an example of them differing in different scenarios
What is: a distinct layer in the water which separates the warm oxygenated water from the cold, deoxygenated water.
An example could be a lake having a distinct thermocline in the cold months, but during the warmer months the thermocline mixes together and the oxygenated warm water is constantly mixed with the deoxygenated cold water.
The circulation pattern that begins when cold, salty water sinks at polar regions and drives global currents (hint: it is named after these two interacting physical properties of water)
What is thermohaline circulation?
This is the general idea of the Clausen et al. study (roughly covering why it was done, how it was done, what was found, and why it was important).
What is: The study looked at how environmental conditions and genetics influence plant traits by experimenting with growing Potentilla glandulosa populations at different elevations from their native elevation. By growing seeds from low, mid, and high elevations in three distinct environments, the researchers found evidence of both local adaptation (plants performed best in their native environment) and phenotypic plasticity (traits changed in response to the environment). This study demonstrated that both genetic differences and environmental factors shape organism phenotype and established the importance of phenotypic plasticity in enabling species to cope with variable or changing conditions.
This is the difference between single gene traits and polygenic traits, and an example of both.
What is: single genes encode for phenotypes that are either one or the other and are controlled by dominant and recessive alleles. polygenic traits are controlled by multiple genes where the phenotypes exist as a spectrum for the population. and yea list examples :3
This is the other type of genetic drift and an example!!
What is.. ya :3