Unit 0
The factor that a researcher actively manipulates or changes in an experiment to observe its effect on another variabl
What is the independent variable?
A weak electrostatic attraction that occurs between the slightly positive hydrogen atom of one water molecule and the slightly negative oxygen atom of a neighboring water molecule.
What is a hydrogen bond?
This part of the neuron receives signals.
What are dendrites?
Molecules that function as electron carriers in cellular respiration, transporting high-energy electrons to the electron transport chain where they are used to generate ATP energy.
What are NADH and FADH2?
C6H12O6 + 6O2 --> 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
What is cellular respiration?
The initial measurement or conditions of a system or individual that is used for comparison over time
What is the baseline?
On the periodic table, the number of protons an element has is equal to this number.
What is the atomic number?
The process by which a neuron communicates with a target cell across a synapse.
What is synaptic transmission?
A. metabolic process where organisms break down carbohydrates like sugar or starch into simpler compounds, such as alcohol or lactic acid, without the presence of oxygen, releasing a small amount of energy in the process (2 ATP)
What is fermentation/anaerobic respiration?
An insulating layer on an axon, which is made up of protein and fatty substances. This layer allows electrical impulses to transmit quickly and efficiently along the nerve cells. If this is damaged, these impulses slow down.
What are Myelin sheaths?
A systematic process of making observations, asking questions, forming a hypothesis, conducting experiments to test the hypothesis, analyzing data, and drawing conclusions to understand natural phenomena.
What is the scientific method?
This term refers to a solution that has a lower concentration of solute compared to another solution.
What is hypotonic?
K+ ions rush of of the neuron during this phase of an action potential.
What is repolarization?
In this cycle of cellular respiration, most NADH and FADH2 molecules are produced.
What is the Kreb's Cycle?
The building blocks of larger biological structures like proteins, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids.
What are monomers?
The factor that is measured and observed in an experiment.
What is a dependent variable?
This process refers to the passive movement of molecules across a cell membrane from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, with the assistance of specific transport proteins embedded in the membrane, like channels or carriers, allowing molecules that might otherwise not be able to pass through the membrane to do so without requiring additional energy.
What is fascilitated diffusion?
Organelles shaped like little bubbles that store and release neurotransmitters.
What are vesicles?
An enzyme embedded in a cell membrane that utilizes the energy from a proton gradient to synthesize ATP, essentially acting as a molecular motor that generates ATP by harnessing the flow of protons across the membrane.
What is ATP synthase?
This cell organelle is structured with a double membrane system, consisting of an outer membrane and an inner membrane, with the space between them called the intermembrane space; the inner membrane folds into numerous projections called cristae, which extend into the innermost compartment known as the matrix.
What are mitochondria?
A graphical representation that displays the relationship between two numerical variables by plotting individual data points as dots on a coordinate plane.
What is a scatter plot?
This stucture consists of two layers of phospholipids that make up the cell or plasma membrane. It is made primarily of phospholipids. Phospholipids are amphipathic molecules, meaning they have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic parts.
What is a phospholipid bilayer?
Another word for cell body of a neuron.
What is soma?
The product of glycolysis during aerobic respiration.
What is Pyruvate?
The four main macromolecules.
What are carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids?