Vocab
Fixed Stress Language
a language in which a certain syllable is consistently stressed in multi-syllable words.
Vowel digraph
great, dream, bread /ea/
BICS - Average length of time takes an individual to acquire
Basic Interpersonal Communication Skills - "playground English" - 6mo to 1 yr
primary distinction between spoken and written discourse in English is that written discourse tends to….
be more decontextualized
Code switching
alternating between languages or language varieties when speaking or writing (used for variety of communicative purposes)
English superlative
an adjective or adverb used to express a comparison among more than two things (smallest, biggest, most creative, most carefully)
diphthong
A sound created by combining two vowel sounds within the same syllable., "a gliding vowel" -- examples: slow, air, toy
CALP- Average length of time takes an individual to acquire
cognitive academic language proficiency - at least 5 years
Cognitive learning strategies
mental processes that learners employ to help them comprehend the target language and remember its structures (examples of strategies: translation, auditory or visual representation, grouping)
two-way bilingual immersion program
English and the L1 are used equally and separately for content-area and language instruction
Morpheme
smallest unit of meaning in a language (ignore - /i/ = variation of /in/ = not, /gnore/ = know)
affricate
a consonant sound that begins as a stop and ends as a fricative
Pragmatic competence
ability to make appropriate interpretations of and give appropriate responses based on context
T/F - curriculum standards and assessments differ from state to state which can pose challenges when assessing a English language learner's proficiency level
True
Suggestopedia
an approach that focuses on how the learners state of relaxation related to capability of learning (through music and comfort table seating)
Language Register
language variety used by a particular group of people for a specific purpose (doctors use medical vocab and set of language structure)
affricate
a consonant sound that begins as a stop and ends as a fricative -- /ch/ --> "t" + "sh"
NCLB Title III
schools must develop measurable achievement objectives that include annual increases in ELL attainment of English proficiency and achievement of academic standards and just demonstrate student progress using state-approved standard
name that stage.... the ability to give complete sentences and longer utterances but still contain multiple errors
Speech emergent stage of 2L acquisition
Notional-functional approach to learning
Focus on language functions not language forms. Grammatical structures are taught using pragmatic functions of language and through interactive, communicative activities such as conversations, role-plays, group work, and information-gap activities)
Stylistic Variation
an individual's range of situational language application
schwa
a vowel sound that is unstressed and is the most common vowel sound in the English language -- item "e", police "o"
Canteneda Vs. Pickard
Led to the passage of EEA and the formulation of three criteria for programs that serve limited English-proficient students
1. be based on "sound" educational theory
2. be implemented appropriately with access to needed resources
3. be evaluated as effective
Most effective in promoting English Language Learners active cognitive engagement in learning
Allocating at least 90% of the classroom time to meaningful tasks that clearly relate to instructional activites
EEOA
Equal Education Opportunities Act of 1974 following Lau v. Nichols