Aristotle
The right action is always a midpoint between two extremes
What is the golden mean?
Who is St. Thomas Aquinas?
A Greek philosopher born in 341 BCE. A follower of Democritus who believed in atomism. He proposed we live a life of pursuing pleasure and avoiding pain.
Who is Epicurus?
The last “good emperor” of Rome. Ruled from 161-180 AD.
Who is Marcus Aurelius?
A disciple of Socrates. He wrote the Apology and Euthyphro.
Who is Plato?
Formal, Final, Material, Efficient
What are the four causes?
Greek word for universe, or world
What is cosmos?
Epicurus’ school on the outskirts of Athens. Students lived there in community.
What is the garden?
Cynic philosopher interested in achieving the good life by living in harmony with nature. He thought we should reject social conventions to find self-sufficiency and freedom from external restriction.
In Greek architecture, a freestanding colonnade or covered walkway
What is a stoa?
The type of reasoning that involves starting with universal rules and reasoning to particulars
What is deductive reasoning?
This term refers to the arguments from Motion, Cause, Contingency, Perfection, and Design.
The Five Ways
What we normally think of as pleasure. The satisfying of a desire.
What is kinetic pleasure?
Things in our lives that we assume we control and base our happiness on. However, we do not actually control them.
What are indifferents?
An English theologian and philosopher. He proposed the argument from design in his textbook, Natural Theology.
Who is William Paley?
The type of reasoning that involves studying the world around you and reasoning to universals
What is inductive reasoning?
The kind of proof that seeks to show how unreasonable it is to deny God’s existence, given the weight of evidence
What is an a posteriori proof?
The state of pleasure when we have already met a desire. This is the best kind of pleasure.
What is static pleasure?
A state of being free of suffering because you understand which things are in and out of your control.
What is apathea?
A Presocratic philosopher who believed that change is impossible
Who is Parmenides?
A life well lived. Human flourishing
What is eudaimonia?
The kind of proof that seeks to demonstrate that the denial of God’s existence is self-contradictory
What is an a priori proof?
Tranquility. Complete freedom from pain.
What is ataraxia?
Comes from the Greek word “oikos,” which means “house.” It involves the disposition of something assigned by nature, and the process of making something one’s own.
What oikeosis?
The Greek word for “end” or “goal”