HYPOTHESIS 1
This term describes an assumption about variables being studied, which is tested through data collection and analysis to determine if it is validated or refuted.
Research Hypothesis
A hypothesis should be capable of being operationally defined, meaning the variables and concepts in the hypothesis must be measurable using appropriate tools or procedures. If a hypothesis cannot be operationally defined, it cannot be tested, and the research study cannot be completed.
TRUE
QUANTITATIVE/EXPERIMENTAL/APPLIED RESEARCH
This section of a research study briefly outlines the research problem, its context, and the key questions, providing an overview that guides the focus and direction of the study.
Statement of the Problem
These guide the entire research process by defining the specific aspects of the topic to be investigated and influence the literature review, data collection, and analysis.
Research Question
Without this process, researchers cannot verify the accuracy of their assumption. It ensures a well-formulated hypothesis provides clear direction to the study.
Testing or Experimentation
A researcher conducts a study to test the hypothesis that a new drug improves recovery time for patients with a certain condition. The data analysis shows no significant difference between the recovery times of patients who took the drug and those who received a placebo. However, in reality, the drug does improve recovery time, but the researcher fails to detect this effect. What type of error did the researcher make?
The researcher made a Type II error because they failed to reject the null hypothesis (which was false) and did not detect the real effect of the drug on recovery time.
Deductive
Describe patterns, observations, or characteristics of single, noncomplex variables.
Descriptive Research Questions
Comparative research question purpose is to _______ and _______similarities or differences between groups or variables.
Compare, Contrast
This is used when you predict that the variables will differ but cannot specify the direction of the difference or relationship.
Nondirectional Hypothesis
A researcher tests the hypothesis that a new teaching method improves student performance on standardized tests. After analyzing the data, the researcher rejects the null hypothesis and concludes that the new method significantly improves performance. However, in reality, the new method has no effect, and the results are due to random chance. What type of error did the researcher make
The researcher made a Type I error because they rejected the null hypothesis (which was actually true) and incorrectly concluded that the new teaching method had a significant effect on student performance.
2025 is the square root of what number?
No calculator
452=2025
MODIFIED TRUE OR FALSE: Correlational Research Questions explains causation, correlation, or predict outcomes based on variable relationships.
FALSE: EXPLANATORY RESEARCH QUESTION
"Avoid yes/no questions. Research questions should be open-ended and encourage detailed investigation." This statement refers to what type of format in Statement of the Problem
Qualitative Research
A researcher is investigating how different study environments affect exam performance. They hypothesize, “Students who study in a quiet room will perform better on exams than students who study in a noisy environment.” What type of research design is this hypothesis aligned with
Experimental research design because it focuses on testing a cause-and-effect relationship, where the study environment (independent variable) is manipulated to observe its effect on exam performance (dependent variable).
A hypothesis must be concise, straightforward, and focused on testing a _______ ________ at a time. ________and ________ reduce ambiguity, making it easier for researchers to design studies and for readers to understand the hypothesis.
Single Assumption; Simplicity; Specificity
“You will have a problem __________ by defining it correctly on the first day.”
half-solved
Evaluative Research Question is commonly used in what type of research?
Action research or applied research
Explanatory Research Questions uses what interrogative words
"Why" and "How"
What are the three key features of a hypothesis according to Kumar (2015)?
It is a tentative proposition.
Its validity is initially unknown.
It often specifies a relationship between two or more variables.
A researcher hypothesizes that “Eating vegetables daily improves concentration levels in high school students during class.” After conducting the study, the data shows that there is no noticeable change in concentration levels between students who ate vegetables daily and those who did not. Does this hypothesis meet the criteria of being falsifiable?
Yes, the hypothesis meets the criteria of being falsifiable. The possibility of the hypothesis being disproven is present, as the study results showed no difference in concentration levels. Since the hypothesis could be tested and potentially refuted based on the data, it is falsifiable.
A researcher is conducting a study on the effects of social media usage on mental health. They hypothesize, “Excessive use of social media causes anxiety and depression in young adults.” However, their hypothesis is not based on previous research or existing theories on the topic. Does this hypothesis meet the criterion of being based on an existing body of knowledge? why or why not?
No, the hypothesis does not meet the criterion of being based on an existing body of knowledge. The researcher’s hypothesis is not grounded in previous studies or established theories about the relationship between social media usage and mental health. A good hypothesis should build upon or address a gap in existing literature to ensure it is grounded in evidence.
A researcher notices that there is limited research on the effects of air pollution on the mental health of children in urban areas. They decide to investigate this topic, aiming to provide new insights and encourage future studies on related issues. Does this research problem meet the first three key criteria, and how?
Yes, the research problem meets all three key criteria. It addresses a knowledge gap by focusing on an area with limited existing research (air pollution’s impact on children’s mental health). It contributes to research by adding value to the body of knowledge on environmental health and child well-being. It also encourages further research by opening avenues for future studies on related environmental factors and their effects on mental health.
A researcher is interested in studying the impact of online learning on student engagement. They plan to collect survey data from students and analyze how different factors, like class participation and study habits, correlate with engagement. They have the necessary skills, access to participants, and enough time to complete the study. They also ensure that the study follows ethical guidelines, like ensuring informed consent and maintaining participant confidentiality. Does this research problem meet the three key criteria mentioned in No. 4, 5, and 6?, and how?
Yes, this research problem meets all three key criteria. It is data-driven because it allows for investigation through the collection and analysis of survey data. It is feasible and of interest to the researcher, as it aligns with their skills, available resources, and interest in the topic. It follows an ethical approach, as the researcher ensures informed consent and confidentiality, adhering to ethical standards.