Vocab Words
A type of cloth or woven fabric
Textile
Why were factories built?
New machines were too big for homes.
What type of engine drove many of the machines of this era?
Steam Engines
Buildings that housed industrial machines
Factories
What industry did the Industrial Revolution begin with?
Textile Industry
Which of the 3 factors of production do you feel contributed most to the Industrial Revolution occurring in England?
Land because they had all the natural resources for industrialization (coal, water/rivers, etc.).
Labor because they had an increasing population that needed to work and many would do so in factories.
Capital because England had the money to support new industry and the talented individuals to invent and innovate.
The process of changing to power-driven machinery
Industrialization
What resource was needed to heat water for steam engines?
Coal
Who brought industry to America?
Samuel Slater
A manufacturing process where the product moves from worker to worker as each one performs one step
Assembly Line
What led to Britain’s population growing rapidly?
Improved livestock breeding methods and better varieties of food crops led to an increase in the food supply
What is a laissez-faire economic system?
Where the government keeps their "hands off" of the economy which means that they do not interfere in or regulate business.
When landowners fenced small fields to create large farms, allowing more efficient farming methods and also increased food supply
Enclosure Movement
Describe the advantages of mass production.
Made the production goods and repair of these factory-made goods more efficient.
What group or class grew as a result of industrialization?
The Middle Class
Manufacturing large numbers of identical items
Mass Production
How did Britain try to keep industrialization for themselves?
They outlawed (made it against the law) some skilled craftsmen from leaving the country
A craft occupation performed in the home
Cottage Industry
Name some hardships of working in early factories.
1. Noisy
2. Lack of ventilation
3. Poor sanitation
4. Inadequate food
5. It was dangerous!
What invention kept the American cotton industry and slavery profitable?
The Cotton Gin
Identical machine made parts
Interchangeable Parts
What are the 3 factors of production?
Land
Labor
Capital
Describe life in factory towns.
The homes were poorly built and in some places like Manchester entire blocks or neighborhoods had to share just a couple toilets.
Disease spread easily.
Soot from burning coal covered towns and the smoke sent sulfur and other poisonous gases into the air.
Describe how steam engines changed the location of factories.
What were the 5 factors that led to the Industrial Revolution starting in England?
Exploration and colonialism
Seapower
Political stability
Government support
Growth of private investment
Describe the long-term effects of industrialization on societies.
Industrialized societies saw increased wealth (mostly to rich industrialists though)
Created a new and growing middle class
Standard of living generally improved in industrialized nations
Introduced leisure activities to the middle class (sporting events, concerts, vacations, etc.)