Anatomical Structures
Gas Exchange of Respiration
Roles in Speech Production
Muscles of Respiration
Events of Respiratory Cycle
100
A pair or cone-shaped structures that are porous and spongy.
What are the lungs?
100
Gas exchange allows oxygen to enter the cells in the body and discards this waste gas through exhalation.
What is carbon dioxide?
100
This organ helps produce speech by modulating airflow, and when air passes it, it creates vibrations that are essential for producing sound.
What are the vocal cords (or vocal folds)?
100
This dome-shaped muscle contracts and flattens during inhalation.
What is the diaphragm?
100
This term refers to the volume of air that can be forcibly exhaled after taking a deep breath?
What is forced vital capacity?
200
The structure that comes before the larynx.
What is the pharynx?
200
This organ is responsible for transporting oxygenated blood to every cell in the human body.
What is the heart?
200
This is the flexible tube that carries sound waves from the vocal cords to the outside world, also known as the "voice box".
What is the trachea?
200
Part of the accessory muscles of respiration, this triangular shaped muscle is the largest in the chest wall.
What is the pectoralis major?
200
This event in the respiratory cycle begins with the contraction of the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles, which increases the thoracic cavity volume and causes air to flow into the lungs.
What is inhalation (or inspiration)?
300
Tiny hair like structures that move foreign particles trapped in mucus into the throat.
What is the cilia?
300
Gas exchange occurs in these tiny air sacs of the pulmonary apparatus.
What is the alveoli?
300
This set of muscles, located in the throat, adjusts the tension and length of the vocal cords to change the pitch of the voice during speech.
What are the laryngeal muscles?
300
Found on each side of the neck, these groups of muscles connect the vertical vertebrae to the ribs, aiding in rib elevation and head movement.
What are the scalene muscles?
300
This phase of the respiratory cycle is marked by the relaxation of the diaphragm and the intercostal muscles, which decreases the volume of the thoracic cavity and forces air out of the lungs.
What is the exhalation (or expiration)?
400
Protects the lungs and contains fluid that cushions the lungs and aids in breathing.
What is the pleura?
400
Deoxygenated blood travels from the tissues of the body to the lungs via this artery.
What is the pulmonary artery?
400
A respiratory disorder that is caused by upper respiratory infections, environmental pollutants, gerd, and asthma inhalers, vocal misuse or strain.
What is laryngitis?
400
Located in between adjacent ribs, this muscle raises the rib cage during inspiration.
What are the external intercostal muscles?
400
This occurs when the air pressure in the lungs becomes greater than the pressure outside, pushing air out during the expiratory phase.
What is positive pressure in the lungs during exhalation?
500
Either of two main branches of the trachea, leading directly to the lungs.
What is the Bronchi?
500
Oxygen is transported to cells by binding to this protein which gives red blood cells their color.
What is hemoglobin?
500
Framework is the larynx, which consists of the thyroid cartilage (Adam's apple), cricoid cartilage, arytenoid cartilages, suspended from the hyoid bone. There is also the epiglottis and trachea or windpipe.
What is the laryngeal system?
500
The rectus abdominis, external oblique, internal oblique, and transversus abdominis work as a unit to exert upward pressure on the diaphragm during expiration.
What are the abdominal muscles?
500
This is the phase of the respiratory cycle when oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged between the blood and the tissues at the capillary level, as blood flows through the systemic circulation.
What is internal respiration?