Common Bugs, Common Drugs
Antibiotics added to CAP therapy when MRSA is suspected (1).
What are glycopeptides (e.g. vancomycin) or linezolids?
The MOA of beta-lactams
What is inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to PBPs?
This antibiotic class is associated with tendon rupture.
What are fluoroquinolones?
e.g. ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin
(risk factors: >60, corticosteroids, history of tendon disorders, CKD, transplant)
These are risk factors for drug-resistant Strep pneumoniae (2)
What are recent antibiotic use, recent hospitalization, age (<2 or >65 years), comorbidities or immunosuppresion, and high local/geographic resistance?
This is the first-line, double-drug-class cocktail given for CAP
What are beta-lactams (e.g. ceftriaxone) and macrolides (e.g. azithromycin)?
The mechanism of action of fluoroquinolones like levofloxacin
What is inhibition of DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, disrupting bacterial DNA replication?
These drugs are associated with QT prolongation (2 antibiotics, 1 antifungal).
What are macrolides, fluoroquinolones, and azole?
These beta-lactamase inhibitors are often paired for administration with amoxicillin and piperacilin, respectively.
What are clavulanate (clavulanic acid) and tazobactam?
This is the preferred oral antibiotic for patients with CAP and a beta-lactam allergy.
What is a respiratory fluoroquinolone (levofloxacin)?
This drug inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to D-Ala-D-Ala precursors
What is vancomycin (glycopeptide)?
This antibiotic is altogether contraindicated in pneumonia.
What is Daptomyocin?
This is the treatment of choice for hospitalized patients with COVID.
Remdesivir
Note: outpatient (Nirmatrelivir/ritonavir)
This first-line treatment for aspiration pneumonia in a hospitalized patient covers anaerobes.
What is piperacillin-tazobactam (beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitor)?
The MOA for the class of drug used in CAP to provide coverage for atypical pneumonia.
What is inhibition of protein synthesis by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit?
These drug class are contraindicated in kids with pneumonia.
What are fluoroquinolones (risk of cartilage toxicity) and tetracyclines (tooth discoloration)?
Most widely used antifungal drugs due to braod-sepctrum activity and oral bioavailability
What are azoles?