Random
RDN Guidelines
Radiation Biology
Specific Patients
Operator Protection
Radiation Biology #2
Patient Protection
X-Ray Machines
Techniques
Errors
Film
Errors
Anatomical Landmarks
Identify Me
Identify Me
100
What does ALARA stand for?
As Low As Reasonably Achievable
100
What is collimation?
Restricts size and shape of xray beam
100
This theory of cell damage occurs when ionizing radiation hit critical areas of a cell
Direct theory
100
For children who are scared/uncooperative, what's one way to still get an image?
Have child sit on parent, both covered with lead apron for exposure
100
When should the Radiographer avoid the primary beam?
ALWAYS
100
When X-ray photons are absorbed within the cell and cause the formation of toxins, which in turn damage the cell, what is this called?
Free radical formation
100
Name 2 things that we should do prior to taking radiographs that will assist in protecting the patient from excessive radiation
Follow ALARA guidelines; lead/apron/thyroid collar, stepwedge; proper machine exposure settings
100
The xray tubehead contains a cathode and anode. Which one is negative?
Cathode
100
Name this type of image. 
Bitewing
100
What is wrong with this film? 
overexposed
100
What is the fastest type of film?
F speed
100
Name the error:
Roller marks
100
What am I?
Max tuberosity
100
amalgam resto's
gold crown
100
recurrent decay
200
Why must we use a thyroid collar for imaging?
It's a lymph tissue and therefore radiosensitive
200
What 2 shapes do collimators come in?
Round; Rectangular
200
The non-threshold theory suggests???
Any amount of radiation exposure, regardless of how minimal, carries a proportional increase in cancer risk.
200
Should pregnant women ever have radiographs?
Only when the benefit outweighs the risks! Avoid the first trimester (why?) and always use a lead apron
200
What 3 ways can the operator avoid the beam?
Distance, Position, Shielding
200
Name one radiosensitive organ:
•Lymphoid tissue
•Bone marrow
•Testes
•Intestines
200
Who prescribes dental images?
The DENTIST
200
Name 2 parts of the xray tubehead that help control the passage of photons through the PID.
Aluminum discs
Lead collimator
Tubehead seal
Unleaded glass window
200
Name this type of image: 
periapical
200
What's this issue with this film? 
underexposed
200
What is in the emulsion on the film that effects the speed of the film?
Silver halide crystals
200
Name the error: 
double image
200
What am I? 
Outline of max sinus
200
SSC
200
cervical burnout
300
Traditional film imaging uses film speed. Which film speed is the slowest? Fastest?
A is slowest; F is fastest
300
What images do we take the collimator off for when learning at UFV? Why?
Bitewings; to prevent cone cut and the potential for additional radiation with a re-take
We will try and use the collimator on patients as best we can
300
Latent Period refers to the time.....
between exposure to ionizing radiation and the appearance of observable clinical signs
300
What radiographic technique is most commonly used with during endo appts? Why?
Bisecting......usually they have a file in their canal!
300
How many ft/meters should the operator be from the primary beam?
6ft/2meters
300
Why are some tissues more resistant to radiation than others?
They have elevated amount of DNA synthesis and repair enzymes
300
What does the Xray tubehead have that helps reduce radiation to the patient?
Aluminim filters, lead collimator, PID
300
This is the measurement of the number of electrons moving through a conductor
millamperage
300
How many images (maximum) will an FMS have?
18 max (12 minimum)
300
Identify the error in this film: 
foreshortened (too steep vertical angulation)
300
Extra-oral film contains screens. What do they do?
The film is sensitive to fluorescent light, rather than direct exposure to x-radiation
300
Name the issue: 
developer splash; scratched film
300
The 36 has a? 
RCT
300
porcelain crowns
300
calculus
400
What benefits do beam alignment devices (Rinn's) have?
Parallelism, reduced need for retakes, less geometric distortions etc
400
What is the law in which governs radiography?
Safety Code 30
400
Who's the most susceptible to radiation?
Children
400
What can we use to make it more comfortable for an edentulous pt and also ensure we get the image we need?
Cotton rolls in edentulous areas
400
What position should the operator be at the avoid the primary beam?
•Avoid the primary beam by standing either perpendicular or at a 90- to 135-degree angle to the beam
400
Large doses of radiation occur in dentistry. T or F?
False
400
What is inherent filtration?
Takes place when the primary beam passes through the glass window of the x-ray tube, the insulating oil, and the tubehead seal
400
This is the measurement of electrical force that causes electrons to move from a negative pole to a positive one
kilovoltage
400
What does ALARA stand for?
As Low As Reasonably Achievable
400
Name the issue here: 
Cone cut
400
How far away does a dark room light need to be from the xray developer?
4 feet
400
Name the main issue: 
overlapping
400
What is this? 
Incisive foramen
400
Gutta percha and comp resto's
400
overhangs; calculus
500
The inverse square law means?
•inversely proportional: One variable increases, the other decreases)
ie. exposure time decreased, mA increased etc
500
What is the MPD for occupationally exposed persons? What is the MPD for non-0ccupationally exposed persons?
•MPD for occupationally exposed persons is varies from 20 - 50 mSv/year (0.05 Sv/year or 5.0 rem/year)
•For nonoccupationally exposed persons it is 1mSv/year (0.1 rem/year)
500
The physical effects that occur IN the person who's received radiation are somatic or genetic?
Somatic
500
Name 2 ways to prevent gagging?
Salt on tongue/floor of mouth, work quickly, breath thru nose, ice cubes etc
500
What is a dosimeter?
A rdn badge worn to assess the amount of radiation being received by the operator
500
Name one critical organ that is exposed to radiation during dental imaging?
•Skin
•Thyroid gland
•Lens of the eye
•Bone marrow
500
Why is added filtration needed on an xray machine?
•Filter out longer wavelength, lower energy x-rays from the x-ray beam
•Filtration results in a higher-energy and more penetrating useful beam
500
70% of radiation in the xray tube occurs in this manner:
Braking (Bremstralung) radiation
500
Name 4 diagnostic criteria of radiographs:
proper density, contrast, definition
2-3mm apices; show all tooth bearing areas
open contacts
least amount of distortion
500
What is philangioma?
When a pt's finger is in the image.
500
What side of the film faces the PID?
White side
500
Name the issue:
pt not biting down properly
500
What landmark is a radiolucent circle between the mandibular bicuspids?
mental foramen
500
root caries
500
amalgam tattoo