RSV
What does RSV stand for?
Respiratory Syncytial Virus
What does SIDS stand for?
Sudden infant death syndrome
What is cystic fibrosis?
A progressive genetic disease that causes persistent lung infections and limits the ability to breathe over time.(excessive mucus)
What does COPD stand for?
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Common manifestations of asthma?
Coughing, wheezing, SOB, chest tightness, tachypnea, tachycardia, anxiety, and apprehension.
Prevention for RSV
-Good hand hygiene
-Infection control measures
-Medication: Palivizumab
What is SIDS?
Unexplained sudden death of apparently healthy, that remains unexplained after autopsy.
How is can cystic fibrosis be passed to a child? Most common inherited autosomal recessive disease among what population?
Both parents must be carriers.
caucasian population.
What is COPD?
A slowly progressive and irreversible respiratory disease of airflow obstruction involving the airways, pulmonary parenchyma, or both.
Status Asthmaticus
MEDICAL EMERGENCY! Extreme form of asthma exacerbation characterized by hypoxemia, hypercarbia, and respiratory failure.
What does RSV commonly cause?
Inflammation of the bronchioles, edema, accumulation of mucus, air trapping, and atelectasis (fluid collection).
3 factors that occur simultaneously that lead to SIDS
-infant may have brain stem abnormality
-significant stressors
-prone or side sleeping
-face down sleeping
-bed sharing
Hallmark diagnostic test for cystic fibrosis? What does it do?
Sweat test!
Shows level of chloride in the sweat (increased=CF)
What is Emphysema?
A TYPE of COPD. It’s the destruction of alveoli walls with enlargement and air trapping and loss of elasticity.
diagnostic tests for asthma (5)
-history and physical
-IgE
-Allergy tests
-Pulmonary function test (PFT)
-Peak expiratory flow rate (PFR or PEFR)
When does presentation begin?
3-5 days after exposure
When does SIDS occur?
First 6 months of life
Respiratory manifestations of cystic fibrosis
Chronic cough, chronic sinusitis, recurrent infections, pulmonary damage.
Number 1 cause of COPD
SMOKING
Asthma and pregnancy
-Changes in respiratory status can be rapid (especially with asthma)
-most common respiratory disease in pregnancy
-asthma improves during pregnancy in 1/3, unchanged in 1/3, worsens in 1/3.
-more risk of premature birth/low birth weight
-infant at increased risk for cleft lip and cleft palate
What type of isolation/precaution would an RSV patient be on?
Droplet isolation
AAP Recommendations for prevention of SIDS
-sleep on back till 1 year of age
-breastfeed
-sleep in same room as parents but not in bed
-offer pacifier at nap time/bedtime
-avoid exposure to alcoho, drugs, and smoke (pregnancy and after birth)
-dress appropriately for environment
Gastrointestinal manifestation of cystic fibrosis
Chronic diarrhea (mucousy), nutritional deficiencies
Medications for COPD
Bronchodilators (albuterol, ipratropium, theophylline)
Corticosteroid therapy (prednisone)
Mucolytics (Acetylcysteine)
Expectorants (guaifenesin, antitussives)
Medications for asthma
-Steroids
-Theophylline
-Hydration (IV)
-Mask 02
-Anticholinergics