Heat
What is one way heating has evolved?
Heating our homes has evolved from using fireplaces and wood stoves to modern systems like natural gas and electric heaters that are more efficient and cleaner. (answers may vary)
What is a key feature that was missing on early thermometers?
A scale
What is a solid's particle arrangement?
In a solid, particles are closely packed in a fixed arrangement, maintaining a definite shape and volume.
What is conduction?
Conduction is the transfer of heat energy through a material without the movement of matter, typically occurring in solids.
What is melting?
Changing from solid to liquid.
How do modern heating systems work?
Modern heating systems use electricity, natural gas, or heat pumps to efficiently provide warmth to homes.
What temperature scale is based on the freezing and boiling points of water?
Celcius
How do particles behave in liquids?
In liquids, particles are close together but can slide past one another, allowing the liquid to take the shape of its container while maintaining a fixed volume.
Give an example of convection.
A hot air balloon rising due to warm air inside is an example of convection. Answers may vary
What is sublimation?
Sublimation is the process where a solid changes directly into a gas without passing through the liquid state.
What are the disadvantages of old heating methods?
Old methods like wood stoves were inefficient, produced smoke indoors, and were less effective at heating spaces.
What is absolute zero?
Absolute zero is the theoretical temperature at which all particle motion stops, equivalent to 0 Kelvin or -273.15°C.
Which state of matter can be compressed?
Gas
What is radiation?
Radiation is the transfer of energy through electromagnetic waves, such as heat from the sun.
Describe condensation.
Condensation is the process where a gas loses heat and changes into a liquid, as seen when water vapor forms droplets on a cold surface.
How do hydroelectric dams produce energy?
Kinetic energy in the moving water turns turbines to create electricity.
Why is the Kelvin scale used?
The Kelvin scale is used by scientists for its absolute measurement of temperature, particularly in gas studies and extreme cold.
Which state of matter expands the fastest?
Solids
How does evaporation cool a liquid?
Evaporation cools a liquid by allowing the fastest-moving particles (highest energy) to escape, leaving slower particles behind.
What is freezing?
Freezing is the process where a liquid loses heat and changes into a solid as its particles slow down and arrange in a fixed structure.
What is an example of passive solar energy used for heating
Sunlight through large windows. Greenhouses. Etc.
When is it benificial to use a Thermocouple thermometer?
Extremly hot temperatures.
How does temperature affect particle motion?
As temperature increases, the motion of particles increases, causing them to move faster.
What is the Law of Conservation of Energy?
The Law of Conservation of Energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another.
How does heat capacity relate to temperature change?
Heat capacity measures the amount of energy required to change the temperature of an entire object by 1°C.