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Intro to neuroscience

100

What are glial cells, and what roles do they play in the nervous system?

Glial cells are non-neuronal cells that provide support for neurons. Some form myelin sheaths that insulate axons, while others nourish, support, and protect neurons.

200

Differentiate between the somatosensory system and the somatic motor system.

• Somatosensory system sends sensory information (touch, pain, temperature) from the body to the brain.
• Somatic motor system sends motor commands from the brain to skeletal muscles to control movement.

300

How can occupational therapy assist a patient in regaining independence after a neurologic injury?

1.  Occupational therapy helps by retraining motor skills, improving functional movements, adapting tasks, and using compensatory strategies to maximize independence.

400

What is the difference between gray and white matter in the CNS?

• Gray matter contains neuron cell bodies and dendrites, where information is integrated.
• White matter contains axons covered in myelin, which transmits signals

500

Name the functions of the peripheral nervous system, spinal region, brainstem, and cerebellum. Name the functions of the peripheral nervous system, spinal region, brainstem, and cerebellum.

• Peripheral nervous system (PNS): Connects the CNS to the limbs and organs.
• Spinal region: Transmits information between the brain and body.
• Brainstem: Controls vital functions such as breathing, heart rate, and consciousness.
• Cerebellum: Coordinates movement and balance.

Physical and electrical properties

100

This part of the neuron transmits elements into the synaptic cleft.

What are presynaptic terminals?

200

 These neurons relay commands from the CNS to muscles and glands.

What are efferent neurons?

300

This term describes a neuron receiving multiple inputs from various cells.

What is convergence?

400

 These branch-like extensions are the main input sites for the neuron.

What are dendrites

500

These neurons carry sensory information from the outer body to the CNS.

What are afferent neurons?

Neuroplasticity

100

This general term describes the ability of neurons to change their function, structure, or chemical profile.

What is neuroplasticity?

200

This general term describes the ability of neurons to change their function, structure, or chemical profile.

What is habituation?

300

This process involves long-lasting changes in synapse strength during learning and memory.

What is experience-dependent plasticity?

400

This rehabilitation technique involves restricting the less-involved upper extremity to improve function in the more-involved limb.

What is constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT)?

500

The reorganization of this brain region is a key mechanism in functional recovery post-stroke.

What is the cerebral cortex?

Neurons and their components

100

The output unit of the neuron specialized to send information.

What are axons?

200

The potential across the membrane when a neuron isn’t transmitting information.

What is the resting membrane potential?

300

A membrane state that increases the likelihood of generating a signal.

What is depolarization?

400

The period when the membrane potential is more negative than during rest

What is the refractory period?

500

 The clinical importance of the absolute refractory period?

No neuron firing can occur

Clinical Connections

100

Interventions such as desensitization are examples of what?

What is neuroplasticity, habituation?

200

What will happen to a neuron that is demyelinated?

Slow or no propagation, down the axon. 

300

What is a clinical condition that causes demyelination of the CNS?

MS, Transverse myelitis

400

What is a condition that is caused by demyelination of the PNS?

GBS, CIDP, CMT

500

What is the most interesting thing you learned this semester?

multiple