Fluid/Electrolytes
These organs regulate fluid and electrolyte balance by filtering blood and producing urine.
This condition is characterized by the perception of ringing, buzzing, or other phantom sounds in the ears, often occurring without an external sound source.
What is tinnitus?
Small air sacs where gas exchange occurs
What is Alveoli?
This condition is characterized by consistently elevated blood pressure, often without symptoms, and is a major risk factor for heart disease, stroke, and kidney failure.
What is Hypertension?
The Braden Scale assesses this risk in hospitalized patients.
What is the risk for pressure ulcers
This type of anemia is often caused by a deficiency in vitamin B12, where the intrinsic factor, which is necessary for vitamin B12 absorption in the intestines, is lacking, leading to impaired red blood cell production.
What is pernicious anemia?
Painful or difficult urination
What is dysuria.
This condition occurs when the thyroid gland produces insufficient thyroid hormones, leading to symptoms such as fatigue, weight gain, cold intolerance, and constipation.
What is hypothyroidism?
This sign is positive when a patient experiences resistance and pain when attempting to extend the leg while the thigh is flexed on the abdomen.
What is the Kernig's sign?
Normal K+ level?
What is 3.5-5.0?
Chvosteks and Trousseau's signs are used to assess for this electrolyte imbalance.
What is hypocalcemia
This condition occurs when the lens of the eye becomes cloudy, leading to blurred vision, and difficulty seeing at night.
What is cataracts?
This condition is characterized by an abnormally low platelet count, which can lead to symptoms like easy bruising, bleeding, and petechiae.
What is thrombocytopenia?
The valve does not open completely, and
blood flow through the valve is reduced
What is Stenosis?
full-thickness skin loss; not involving
underlying fascia
What is a stage 3 pressure ulcer
This term refers to a decrease in the number of red blood cells in the body, often leading to symptoms such as fatigue, pallor, and shortness of breath.
What is anemia?
Conveys urine from the bladder to the exterior
What is the urethra.
General muscle hypertonia, with tremor
and spasmodic or uncoordinated contractions
occurring with or without efforts to make
voluntary movements
What is Tetany?
This condition is characterized by a sudden, uncontrolled electrical disturbance in the brain, which can lead to convulsions, loss of consciousness, or unusual sensations.
What is a seizure?
What is a normal HGB level ?
12.0-18 g/dL
A patient with hypovolemia may present with these two key vital sign changes.
What is increased heart rate and decreased blood pressure.
This condition is often referred to as the "silent thief of sight" because it can cause gradual vision loss, blurring, halos around lights, headaches, and more, without noticeable symptoms until significant damage has occurred.
What is glaucoma?
This genetic mutation affects chloride transport, leading to thick, viscous secretions in the lungs, pancreas, liver, intestines, and reproductive tract, causing chronic respiratory and digestive issues.
What is Cystic Fibrosis
This condition occurs when the heart is unable to pump effectively, leading to symptoms such as shortness of breath, fluid retention, fatigue, and edema, often due to underlying coronary artery disease or hypertension.
What is heart failure?
This term refers to the softening and breakdown of skin due to prolonged exposure to moisture, increasing the risk of skin damage and infection.
What is maceration
The average lifespan of red blood cells is approximately this number of days before they are removed by the spleen and liver.
What is 120 days?
Secretes enzymes that digest
proteins and carbohydrates
DAILY DOUBLE!!!!!!
What is the small intestine.
This autoimmune disorder leads to hyperthyroidism, causing symptoms like weight loss, rapid heartbeat, heat intolerance, and bulging eyes, often due to the overproduction of thyroid hormones.
What is Graves disease?
This condition causes symptoms such as headache, fever, changes in level of consciousness, behavioral changes, nuchal rigidity, positive Kernig and Brudzinski signs, and photophobia.
What is meningitis?
What is a normal calcium level?
8.5-10.5 mg/dL
This term refers to fluid shifting into spaces not readily available for circulation, such as the abdomen or peritoneal cavity.
What is third spacing
This test is used to assess hearing by comparing bone conduction to air conduction using a tuning fork, with a normal result showing air conduction better than bone conduction.
DAILY DOUBLE!!!!
What is the Rinne test?
This vaccine is recommended for all adults 65 years of age or older, as well as adults 19 years or older with conditions that weaken the immune system, to protect against Streptococcus pneumoniae infections.
What is the Pneumococcal vaccination
This term refers to the resistance the heart must overcome to eject blood during systole, and it is often influenced by arterial pressure and vascular tone.
What is afterload?
Open system drainage system
What is a Penrose drain
This is the process by which blood cells are produced, primarily in the bone marrow, and includes the formation of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
What is hematopoeisis
Medication that turn urine orange to orange-red urine
What is Pyridium.
What is secreted in response to high plasma calcium levels and increases calcium deposit in bone.
What is calcitonin?
This vaccine helps protect against a potentially life-threatening infection caused by Neisseria meningitidis, particularly recommended for adolescents and those at high risk.
What is the meningococcal vaccine?
Normal EF?
DAILY DOUBLE!!!!
What is 55-60%?
This electrolyte is the primary intracellular cation and plays a key role in muscle contraction and nerve function.
What is potassium
This condition is characterized by involuntary, rapid eye movements, often side to side, up and down, or in a circular motion, and can be a sign of inner ear problems, neurological conditions, or medication side effects.
What is nystagmus?
This inherited blood disorder causes red blood cells to become abnormally shaped, leading to episodes of severe pain, often due to blocked blood flow.
What is Sickle Cell Disease?
The hallmark symptom of this condition is intermittent claudication, which is described as aching, cramping, or inducing fatigue or weakness, typically in the legs during physical activity due to reduced blood flow.
What is peripheral artery disease (PAD)?
During this phase of wound healing, blood vessels constrict, and clotting begins to stop bleeding.
What is the hemostasis phase.
This test measures the rate at which red blood cells settle at the bottom of a test tube, and is used as an indicator of inflammation or infection in the body.
What is the Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)?
Men having symptoms of dysuria, hesitancy,
sensation of incomplete bladder emptying
This condition is caused by prolonged exposure to high levels of cortisol, leading to symptoms like weight gain, a round face, purple striae, and muscle weakness.
What is Cushing's symdrome?
This condition involves inflammation of the brain, often caused by viral infections such as herpes simplex virus (HSV) or fungal infections, and can lead to symptoms like fever, confusion, seizures, and neurological deficits.
What is encephalitis?
What are normal BPN levels?
<100 pg/mL