Carbs
What do we use carbohydrates for? Give an example.
- As a primary energy source
- Glucose, Fructose, Galactose, Ribose, Lactose, Sucrose, Maltose, Glycogen, Starch, cellulose, Chitin
What are lipids used for?
- energy storage, insulation, cell membrane, protection, communication
The monomer for Nucleic acids is ______. It consists of a Nitrogen base, sugar group, and a phosphate group.
A nucleotide.
The monomer for proteins are
Amino acids
What kind of molecules dissolve in water
Polar molecules, Hydrophilic
What elements make up carbohydrates and what ratio are they usually found in?
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen. 1:2:1
- The monomer for complex lipids
- Unbranched carbon chains
- carboxyl group on one end
Fatty Acids
This is an example of a nucleic acid. It stores genetic information and controls the making of proteins.
DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid)
The structure of amino acids consists of a central carbon, hydrogen, amino group, carboxyl group and
R-group: Variable group that can be made up od different atoms or molecules
what is composed of many sugar molecules and found in plants
starch, cellulose
A carbohydrate that is found in plants, promotes regular bowl movements, and slows down the absorption of sugar is called?
Fiber
A Triglyceride is made up of
Three fatty acids and a glycerol
Primary energy currency for cells, contains 3 phosphate groups, when the third phosphate is broken off energy is released
ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)
What must a chain of amino acids do in order for a protein to function properly
It must fold properly to be able to do its job, its shape determines what it does.
Name the reactant (substrate) and the products. 2H2O2 ----> 2H2O + O2.
Reactant: Hydrogen Peroxide (2H2O2) Products: Water (2H2O) and Oxygen (O2)
What is the name of the polysaccharide that stores our glucose in the body and can be found in the liver and muscles?
Glycogen is the storage form of glucose in humans/animals.
Why are saturated fats solid at room temperatures and unsaturated fats are not?
The carbon atoms in saturated fats are fully "saturated" with hydrogen atoms so they can pack closely together. In unsaturated fats there is a double carbon bond which causes a bend in the chain that prevents the molecules from packing closely together.
What are the 5 Nitrogen bases. Name the one not found in DNA.
Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine.
Uracil is only found in RNA.
Enzymes help to increase
the rate at which the reaction occurs
Lactose is a disaccharide composed of glucose and galactose. What enzyme helps brake down lactose into two monosaccharides.
Lactase
What kind of reaction is the following reaction:
Glucose + fructose ->Sucrose + H20
Dehydration Synthesis reaction
The structure of this molecule is consists of 4 fused rings. Examples include Testosterone and Estrogen, what is the structure?
Steroid hormone
When a cell needs energy, it breaks down ATP into ADP and a phosphate group. This process is an example of
Hydrolysis
What level of protein folding determines the proteins function
Tertiary structure
What kind of bonds hold together two or more amino acids in a polypeptide chain?
Peptide (covalent) bond