Attribution Theories
The tendency to attribute one’s successes to internal factors and failures to external factors.
Self-serving bias
Buying a popular brand of athletic shoes because the most popular students wear them is an example of this concept.
Conformity
The psychological discomfort experienced when attitudes and behaviors conflict.
Cognitive Dissonance
Justifying one’s actions with logical but false reasons.
Rationalization
This is the maintenance of a steady internal state.
Homeostasis
The tendency to attribute one’s successes to internal factors and failures to external factors.
Actor-Observer Bias
A person is more likely to agree to a larger request after first agreeing to a small one, demonstrating this persuasion technique.
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
A phenomenon where people think others share their opinions more than they actually do.
Faslse-consensus effect
Redirecting impulses to a safer outlet.
Displacement
This is when a physiological need creates an aroused tension state that motivates an organism to satisfy the need.
Drive-reduction theory
A student who fails a test says, "My teacher hates me!" instead of considering their own study habits. This is an example of what bias?
Fundamental Attribution Error
The route of persuasion that relies on superficial cues like attractiveness or popularity.
Peripheral route persuasion
This term describes when people exert less effort in a group task than when working alone.
Social loafing
Attributing one’s unacceptable thoughts to someone else.
Projection
If you want to be happier you should smile more. What theory says this.
Facial-feedback theory
Believing that people get what they deserve and that the world is inherently fair is an example of this bias.
Just-world hypothesis
The route of persuasion that relies on logic and factual arguments.
Central route persuasion
This effect occurs when the presence of others enhances performance on simple tasks but hinders performance on complex tasks.
Social facilitation
Reverting to childlike behavior when faced with stress.
Regression
This theory states that we are motivated by seeking excitement and our performance is best when it is at a moderate level of arousal.
Yerkes-Dodson Law
Kara, a soccer player, thinks all basketball players are the same while seeing her own teammates as unique individuals. This illustrates what concept?
Out-group homogeneity bias
When people comply with a large request after first refusing a much larger one.
Door-in-the-face phenomenon
In a study, participants were more likely to help when alone than when in a group. This is due to what psychological phenomenon?
Diffusion of responsibility
Transforming unwanted impulses into socially acceptable actions.
Sublimation
The process of evaluating events and situations, which then predicts how someone will feel
Emotional appraisal