Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table
What is the smallest particle of an element that retains its chemical properties?
atom
What type of bond is formed between two non-metal atoms?
Covalent bond
What is the value of Avogadro’s constant?
6.022 × 10²³
What is the definition of an empirical formula?
The simplest whole-number ratio of atoms in a compound.
What does stoichiometry study in chemistry?
The quantitative relationships between reactants and products in a chemical reaction.
What is the charge of a proton?
proton
What type of bonding occurs in sodium chloride?
ionic bonding
What is the molar mass of water (H₂O)?
18 g/mol
What is the empirical formula of C₂H₆?
CH₃
According to the reaction 2H₂ + O₂ → 2H₂O, how many moles of H₂O are produced from 2 moles of O₂?
4 moles of H₂O.
Which element has the atomic number 8?
oxygen
What force holds atoms together in a metallic bond?
Electrostatic attraction between positive metal ions and delocalized electrons
How many moles are in 44 g of CO₂? (Molar mass of CO₂ = 44 g/mol)
1 mole)
A compound has an empirical formula of CH₂ and a molecular formula mass of 56 g/mol. What is its molecular formula?
C₄H₈, because the empirical formula mass is 14 g/mol, and 56 ÷ 14 = 4.
If 5 moles of Na react with Cl₂ according to 2Na + Cl₂ → 2NaCl, how many moles of NaCl are formed?
5 moles of NaCl.
How many electrons does a neutral chlorine atom have?
17
Why do noble gases not readily form bonds?
They have a full outer electron shell
How many molecules are in 2 moles of oxygen gas (O₂)?
2 × 6.022 × 10²³ = 1.204 × 10²4 molecules
A compound is 40% carbon, 6.7% hydrogen, and 53.3% oxygen by mass. What is its empirical formula?
CH₂O, after converting mass percentages to moles and simplifying.
In the reaction CH₄ + 2O₂ → CO₂ + 2H₂O, how many grams of CO₂ are produced from 16 g of CH₄? (Molar masses: C = 12, H = 1, O = 16
44 g of CO₂, because 1 mole of CH₄ (16 g) produces 1 mole of CO₂ (44 g).
What is the electron configuration of a sodium atom?
2)8)1
list all chemical bondings
Ionic Bonding, Covalent Bonding, Metallic Bonding
A compound has an empirical formula of CH₂O and a molar mass of 180 g/mol. What is its molecular formula?
C₆H₁₂O₆
A compound has an empirical formula of CH and a molecular mass of 78 g/mol. Determine its molecular formula.
C₆H₆, because the empirical formula mass is 13 g/mol, and 78 ÷ 13 = 6.
How many grams of oxygen gas (O₂) are needed to fully react with 20 g of hydrogen gas (H₂) in 2H₂ + O₂ → 2H₂O? (Molar masses: H₂ = 2 g/mol, O₂ = 32 g/mol)
160 g of O₂. Since 4 g of H₂ reacts with 32 g of O₂, 20 g of H₂ requires (20 × 32) ÷ 4 = 160 g of O₂.