3.1
This term, coined by Mark Twain, refers to the late 19th-century period of economic growth, marked by political corruption, social inequality, and the concentration of wealth in the hands of a few industrialists.
gilded age
This political boss led Tammany Hall in New York City during the 1860s and 1870s, using bribery and corruption to control local politics, until his eventual arrest and imprisonment.
boss tweed
This social reformer and founder of Hull House in Chicago was a leader in the settlement house movement, advocating for the poor, immigrants, and social justice, and was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1931.
jane adams
This U.S. president, known for his "Square Deal" policies, was a champion of progressive reforms, including trust-busting, conservation, and regulation of food and drugs.
roosevelt
This president introduced the "10 Percent Plan," which aimed to reintegrate the Southern states into the Union by requiring 10% of voters in a state to pledge loyalty, though it was never fully implemented due to his assassination.
Who was Abraham Lincoln?
During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, rapid industrialization in the U.S. led to a significant increase in urban populations, as millions of people moved from rural areas to cities in search of jobs in factories.
urbanization
This journalist and photographer is best known for his book How the Other Half Lives, which exposed the harsh living conditions in New York City's tenements during the late 19th century.
jacob ris
This term, coined by Theodore Roosevelt, refers to journalists and writers in the early 20th century who exposed corruption, social injustices, and corporate abuses, leading to significant reforms.
muckrackers
Upton Sinclair's 1906 novel The Jungle exposed the unsanitary conditions in the meatpacking industry, leading to public outcry and the passage of this landmark legislation aimed at ensuring food safety and drug regulation.
What is the Pure Food and Drug Act?
This legal principle, which ensures that a person cannot be held in prison without being charged with a crime, was suspended by President Abraham Lincoln during the Civil War to deal with suspected Confederate sympathizers.
: What is habeas corpus?
Signed into law in 1862, this act provided 160 acres of public land to settlers for a small fee, provided they improved the land by building a dwelling and growing crops.
homestead act
This economic depression, triggered by the collapse of a major bank and widespread railroad bankruptcies, led to a severe economic downturn and unemployment in the U.S. during the 1870s.
panic of 1873
This practice, where cheap or harmful substances were added to food products to increase profits, led to public outrage and the eventual passage of the Pure Food and Drug Act in 1906.
food adulteration
This president, who succeeded Theodore Roosevelt, was initially considered a progressive but faced criticism from reformers for his handling of trust-busting and tariff reform, leading to a split in the Republican Party.
Who was William Howard Taft?
This term refers to the violent conflict in the 1850s between pro-slavery and anti-slavery factions in Kansas, as both sides tried to influence whether the state would allow slavery.
bleeding kansas
This term refers to wealthy and powerful industrialists of the late 19th century who were accused of using exploitative practices to amass their fortunes, often at the expense of workers and competition.
robber barons
This early labor organization, founded in 1869, sought to unite all workers, regardless of skill or industry, and pushed for reforms like the eight-hour workday and the end of child labor.
What is the Knights of Labor?
This social movement, which gained momentum in the 19th and early 20th centuries, advocated for the reduction or prohibition of alcohol consumption, ultimately leading to the passage of the 18th Amendment.
temperance movement
Under this president, the 16th Amendment was ratified in 1913, allowing the federal government to impose a graduated income tax as part of his progressive agenda to reduce tariffs and regulate the economy.
woodrow wilson
This 1820 agreement admitted Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state, while also establishing a geographic line that prohibited slavery in territories north of 36°30′ latitude.
What is the Missouri Compromise?
This 1890 law was the first federal statute to outlaw monopolistic practices and promote competition, making it illegal to restrain trade or commerce.
sherman anti trust act
This movement, founded in the late 1860s, aimed to address the economic struggles of farmers by advocating for railroad regulation, cooperative buying, and political reforms.
granger movement
This social reformer was a key figure in advocating for labor laws, especially those protecting women and children, and was a founding member of the National Consumer League.
florence kelly
This Wisconsin senator and governor was a leading figure in the Progressive movement, known for his advocacy of direct democracy, regulation of businesses, and efforts to curb political corruption.
Who was Robert La Follette?
This Maryland resident's arrest during the Civil War led to a landmark legal case, where Chief Justice Roger B. Taney ruled that President Lincoln's suspension of habeas corpus was unconstitutional.
Who was John Merryman?