Kidney
What is the name of the part of the body that detects water level?
hypothalamus
What is meant by the term Ecosystem?
a community of living organisms (plants, animals, and microorganisms) interacting with each other and their physical environment (such as soil, water, and climate) in a specific area.
What system do the antibodies enter to disable pathogens in the circulatory system?
Endocrine system
Who is Dolly?
The first mammal to be cloned from an adult somatic cell.
What is the definition of DNA?
A molecule that carries genetic instructions essential for the growth, development, functioning, and reproduction of living organisms.
What percent of glucose is reabsorbed in the process of selective reabsorption within the nephron?
100%
Name and explain a technology that can be used to maximize the efficiency of fishing
Sonar technology uses sound waves to detect and locate fish underwater. It works by emitting sound pulses that travel through the water, bounce off objects (like schools of fish), and return to the device.
What are antigens?
Protein markers on the surface of the pathogen
This type of plant tissue transports water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the leaves, supporting transpiration.
Xylem
What is RNA polymerase?
It synthesizes RNA by linking nucleotides together in a sequence complementary to a DNA template strand
How can we test for high hypertension in a patient using only a stool sample?
Biurette reagent to test for the presence of proteins, purple for positive, stays blue for negative
What is nitrogen fixation?
This process in the nitrogen cycle converts atmospheric nitrogen (N₂) into a form that plants can absorb, primarily performed by certain bacteria in the soil and root nodules of legumes.
Describe the process of the immune system in primary regulation
When the unknown pathogen enters the body, it most likely goes into the circulatory system where phagocytes will attack it.
This method involves randomly placing a square frame in an ecosystem to estimate species abundance and distribution.
Quadrat sampling
What is the process of transcription?
The RNA polymerase binds to the DNA at the promoter region. The DNA strands separate, exposing the gene to be copied. RNA polymerase adds RNA nucleotides to create a strand of mRNA, matching the DNA template .RNA polymerase reaches a signal that tells it to stop, completing the mRNA strand. The mature mRNA leaves the nucleus and goes to the ribosomes for protein synthesis.
Where do all the collection ducts lead to in the kidney right after leaving the medulla?
the pelvis
What happens if you put several species in one pond?
interspecific competition: competition between different species of fish for food.
predation: carnivorous species will prey on other fish.
Where do a certain type of white blood cell go to get lymphocyte cells to create antibodies?
Lymphatic system
Where can embryonic stem cells be extracted from without causing ethical issues?
The placenta
Explain the difference in the functions between tRNA and mRNA
mRNA is synthesized during transcription from DNA and carries the genetic code to the ribosomes, where it contains codons that specify amino acids. In contrast, tRNA functions during translation by bringing the appropriate amino acids to the ribosome, matching its anticodons with the codons on the mRNA. Together, mRNA and tRNA collaborate to translate genetic information into proteins.
State the reason why the blood flows at a high pressure causing what occurs at bowman-s capsule
stark difference in intraluminal diameter between the afferent and efferent arterioles before and after the glomerulus.
How do fish farms affect the environment?
Fish may escape and out-compete or interbreed with local species, reducing biodiversity and or upsetting the local ecosystem.
Parasites or pathogens can be introduced into ecosystems by farmed fish
Excess feed and waste from fish can cause eutrophications.
Describe how knowing the external DNA makeup of cancer cells can be used to be killed by the immune system using the secondary immune system response
using memory cells that have taylor-made antibodies.
What is calorimetry?
This experimental method involves burning a food sample beneath a test tube of water to measure the energy content based on the temperature change.
Describe and explain the full process of protein synthesis
protein synthesis starts in the nucleus. an enzyme called RNA polymerase makes a copy of a section of DNA in a process called transcription. The copy is called mRNA, and it leaves the nucleus and binds to a ribosome. tRNA molecules, each with specific amino-acids attached,bind to the mRNA. The order of the tRNA molecules is determined by the order of bases of the mRNA. The ribosome reads the mRNA three bases at a time and the three bases are called a codon and are complementary to bases on the tRNA molecules. As the tRNA molecules are brought together , a bond forms between the amino acids. This is a translation. The ribosome moves along the mRNA, reading the rest of the codons, and eventually forms a polypeptide chain which then detaches from the ribosome and folds to make a protein.