Cell Cycle & Cancer Regulation
What is the cell cycle?
This tightly regulated process ensures proper cell growth and division.
These molecules bind to receptors to initiate cellular responses...
ligands
What is apoptosis?
This process of programmed cell death prevents damaged or unnecessary cells from surviving.
The process by which cancer cells spread from their original site to other parts of the body... what is this process called?
metastasis
What is angiogenesis?
The formation of new blood vessels to supply nutrients and oxygen to tumors.
These genes normally promote cell growth but can become cancerous when mutated
proto-oncogenes
What is a mutation?
A permanent change in DNA that can lead to cancer.
If apoptosis fails, this can result in uncontrolled cell growth and tumor formation... what is it called?
cancer
What are oncogenes?
These mutated genes contribute to the spread of cancer by promoting uncontrolled division and invasion.
These structures transport oxygen and nutrients, aiding tumor growth when hijacked
blood vessels
What are tumor suppressor genes?
This type of gene acts as a "brake" on cell division and prevents uncontrolled growth.
This group of proteins fixes DNA damage to maintain genetic stability
This group of proteins fixes DNA damage to maintain genetic stability.
DNA repair proteins
What is p53?
A tumor suppressor gene, often called the "guardian of the genome," that triggers cell death when DNA damage is severe.
This type of cancer spreads through the bloodstream or lymphatic system...
metastatic cancer
What is vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)?
This growth factor stimulates the formation of blood vessels in tumors.