Enlightenment
What was the enlightenment?
The Enlightenment was an intellectual movement in the 17th and 18th centuries that emphasized reason, individual rights, and scientific thinking. It changed the way people thought about government by promoting democracy, freedom, and equality instead of absolute monarchy and divine rule.
Main causes of the French Revolution
-Economic crisis (high taxes, debt, and food shortages)
-Social inequality between the three estates (clergy, nobility, and commoners)
-Enlightenment ideas promoting democracy and questioning the monarchy
What were the 13 colonies?
The 13 British colonies that were established during the 17th and early 18th centuries in what is now a part of the eastern United States.
Who was Napoleon Bonaparte?
French military leader who became Emperor of France.
Name 1 important enlightenment thinker that belived in natural rights
John Locke: Believed in natural rights (life, liberty, and property) and that governments should protect these rights. He also supported the idea of a social contract.
Name of the tool that made french famous for their way of executing people and was the way that Marie Antoinette died
Guillotine
Why did people come to America as part of the 13 colonies?
People came for religious freedom, economic opportunities, land, and escape from political persecution in Europe.
What is a common misconception about Napoleon Bonaparte?
Many people believe Napoleon was unusually short, but in reality, he was around 5 feet 6 inches (1.68 meters) tall, which was average for a Frenchman at that time.
Enlightenment thinker related to the idea of freedom and separate the religion from the state
Voltaire: Advocated for freedom of speech, religious tolerance, and the separation of church and state.
How did the French Revolution change the social and political system in France?
It ended the monarchy and feudal privileges, leading to the rise of democracy. The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen established principles of equality and freedom, and power shifted from the king to the people.
How were the colonies divided?
New England
Middle
Southern
What happened to Napoleon after he lost power the first time?
He was sent to exile on the island of Elba.
How did the enlightenment relate to the French Revolution?
The enlightenment ideas evolved in a way that people realized their system was not the only way to be.
What was the significance of the Storming of the Bastille on July 14, 1789?
The Bastille was a symbol of the king’s absolute power. Its storming marked the beginning of the French Revolution and showed that the people were willing to fight for their rights.
What was a big difference the pilgrims noticed between them?
They had different religions like:
Quakers, Catholics, Lutherans, and Jews, which led to greater religious tolerance and diversity.
Which country did Napoleon try and fail to invade in 1812?
He tried to invade Russia, but his army suffered great losses
Name all the enlightenment thinkers you can remember
-Montesquieu
-Mary Wollstonecraft
-Immanuel Kant
-David Hume
-Adam Smith
-Denis Diderot
What was the Reign of Terror, and who led it?
The Reign of Terror (1793–1794) was a period during the French Revolution when thousands of people, including King Louis XVI and Queen Marie Antoinette, were executed for being "enemies of the revolution." It was led by Maximilien Robespierre and the radical Jacobins.
Name all the 13 colonies
Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia.
How did Napoleon rise to power after the French Revolution?
He was a successful military general during the French Revolution. In 1799, he staged a coup d’état (overthrow of the government) and became the ruler of France. In 1804, he crowned himself Emperor.