Lungs structure/function
scaring and stiffening of lung tissue, reducing elasticity
Pulmonary Fibrosis
Low oxygen level in the body tissues
Hypoxia
shortness of breath/difficulty breathing
dyspnea
Difficulty swallowing, increasing the risk of aspiration pneumonia
Dysphagia
Reduce strength of the diaphragm, making breathing more difficult
Diaphragmatic weakness
a condition where alveoli are damaged, leading to reduce gas exchange
Emphysema
Low oxygen level in the blood
Hypoxemia
Repeated pauses in breathing during sleep due to airway collapse or brain signaling issue
Sleep apnea
A progressive lung disease that include chronic bronchitis and emphysema
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
Stiffening of the chest wall, limiting lung expansion
Thoracic Rigidity
Partial/cpmplete lung collapse due to air trapping or mucus build up
ATELECTASIS
increase carbon dioxide levels in the blood due to inefficient breathing
Hypercapnia
Increases arterial walls stiffness
Endothelial
A lung infection cause by inhaling food, liquid, or saliva
Aspiration Pneumonia
Weakening of the muscles between the ribs, affecting breathing effort
Intercostal muscle atrophy
Forward curvature of the spine that can restrict lung expansion
Kyphosos
Inefficient oxygen exchange due to uneven air and blood flow in the lungs
Ventilation/Perfusion mismatch
Limits lung expansion, making deep breathing more difficult
Reduced chest wall mobility
Decline in cilia function, leading to poor mucus clearance
Mucociliary Dysfunction
Reduce breathing efficiency leading to increase CO2 retention
Hypoventilation
cough reflexes decrease with age? True/False
True
Encourage deep breathing exercise to improve lungs expansion? T/F
True
Narrowing of the airways due to muscle tightening
Bronchoconstriction