Cognition
The mental activities involved in acquiring, storing, retrieving, and using knowledge are collectively known as _____.
a) perception
b) cognition
c) consciousness
d) awareness
b) cognition
A(n) _____ is an unlearned reaction evoked by a stimulus without any learning.
a) primary reaction
b) neutral response
c) unconditioned response
d) classical response
c) unconditioned response
The three steps in memory processing are _____.
a) encoding, storage, retrieval
b) translations, maintenance, transmittal
c) dictation, capturing, retrieval
d) encrypting, sensory retention, neural processing
a) encoding, storage, retrieval
Children who sing the alphabet song and mistake the letters L, M, N, O, P for the word "elamenopee" are displaying what principle of perceptual form organization?
a) continuity
b) closure
c) proximity
d) similarity
c) proximity
Based on most people’s prototype for fruit, which of the following would take longer to classify?
a) an orange
b) an apple
c) grapes
d) an avocado
d) an avocado
A conditioned emotional response, such as fear, is an emotion that is _____.
a) operantly conditioned
b) evoked by a previously neutral stimulus
c) repeatedly rewarded
d) evoked by an unconditional stimulus
b) evoked by a previously neutral stimulus
In sensory memory, the approximate duration of a visual image is about _____, and the approximate duration of auditory echoic memory is up to _____.
a) 1/2 second; 4 seconds
b) 1 second; 1 minute
c) several seconds; 1/4 second
d) 1/2 minute; 4 minutes
a) 1/2 second; 4 seconds
If wartime propaganda depicts the enemy as ugly, cruel, and somewhat less than human, then this type of propaganda would create _____ toward the enemy.
If wartime propaganda depicts the enemy as ugly, cruel, and somewhat less than human, then this type of propaganda would create _____ toward the enemy.
a) a negative conditioned emotional response
b) a negative social learning environment
c) positive punishment
d) unconditional negative regard
b) a negative social learning environment
c) positive punishment
d) unconditional negative regard
a) a negative conditioned emotional response
Working backwards is an example of a(n) _____.
a) mnemonic device
b) algorithmic solution
c) heuristic
d) problem-solving set
c) heuristic
Based on observational learning theory, which of the following is the BEST slogan to for parents who want their children to adopt their standards of behavior?
a) Silence is golden.
b) Do as I say, not as I do.
c) Because I said so.
Based on observational learning theory, which of the following is the BEST slogan to for parents who want their children to adopt their standards of behavior?
a) Silence is golden.
b) Do as I say, not as I do.
c) Because I said so.
d) Follow my lead.
Based on observational learning theory, which of the following is the BEST slogan to for parents who want their children to adopt their standards of behavior?
a) Silence is golden.
b) Do as I say, not as I do.
c) Because I said so.
d) Follow my lead.
If Celia wants to remember the name of her roommate’s sister who si visiting this weekend, and so Celia repeats the sister’s name over and over again. Which method is Celia using?
a) mnemonics
b) a reverberating circuit
c) maintenance rehearsal
d) selective attention
c) maintenance rehearsal
Tony sees a little boy crying and he feels sad. At the biology level, what is the BEST explanation of what is happening?
a) Mirror neurons are firing
b) Sensory neurons have been stimulated
c) Dopamine is being released
d) There is no biological explanation of empathy
a) Mirror neurons are firing
The correct sequences of the steps to problem solving are ____________.
a) evaluation, preparation, production
b) preparation, production, evaluation
c) production, evaluation. preparation
d) evaluation, production, preparation
b) preparation, production, evaluation
On average, people leave 25% of their money in Nevada casinos. They keep playing, however, due to reinforcement being delivered on a ____ schedule.
a) variable interval
b) fixed interval
c) fixed ratio
d) variable ratio
d) variable ratio
Using _____ to achieve deeper levels of processing enables you to improve long-term memory.
a) elaborative rehearsal
b) episodic processing
c) semantic processing
d) priming
a) elaborative rehearsal
This is an example of episodic memory or (personally experienced events).
a) Freud is considered the father of psychology.
b) Your age on your last birthday
c) The sports scores from this week's newspaper
d) The event leading up to your high school graduation
d) The event leading up to your high school graduation
An interior designer uses the frame of a car to create a child’s bed, this is an example of ______________.
a) defining the problem
b) a mental set
c) overcoming functional fixedness
d) the successful use of an algorithm
c) overcoming functional fixedness
Based on observational learning research, which of the following is true?
a) Children who watch aggression are less likely to aggress because they have gotten it out of their systems.
b) Children will imitate an aggressive model who appears to receive a reinforcer as a result of the behavior.
c) Television aggression isnot related to real-life aggression in children because they can tell the difference between fantasy and reality.
d) If you watched aggressive television when you were a child and it didn't make you more aggressive, this is evidence that aggressive TV does not influence children's behavior.
b) Children will imitate an aggressive model who appears to receive a reinforcer as a result of the behavior.
Yu-Wai just met a woman he feels attracted to. He keeps saying her name over and over to himself to make sure he doesn't forget it. Yu-Wai is using _____ to keep this woman's name in _____ memory.
a) mnemonics; long-term memory
b) a reverberating circuit; sensory memory
c) maintenance rehearsal; short-term memory
d) selective attention; short-term memory
c) maintenance rehearsal; short-term memory
To measure Anita's retention of the poems she learned 15 years ago, the time it took her to review, recall and recite the poetry was recorded. This is an example of _____.
a) a recall ratio
b) relearning
c) reintegration
d) reorganization
d) reorganization