Cognitive Development Theories
This is the term for the way brains continue to change across lifetimes, allowing us to learn new skills at any time.
What is neuroplasticity?
This theorist, best known for his cognitive development theories, also authored a less popular stage theory of social development.
Who is Jean Piaget?
This type of memory is shorter term and is where information you crammed may live so you can repeat it on a test, but may not remember it long-term.
What is "working memory"?
This psychologist developed the theories of operant and classical conditioning.
Who is BF Skinner?
This teaching practice, commonly referred to as "CFU" allows teachers to assess what a student understands about a topic or instruction.
What is "Check For Understanding"?
This theorist believed that learning happens as a result of your environment (people and things) bringing new concepts within to your Zone of Proximal Development.
Who was Vygotsky?
This stage of Erikson's theory of social development is the one that all of you are likely in.
What is intimacy vs isolation?
This is the name for the frameworks, categories of prior experience we apply to new information that allows us to fully understand it.
What is schema (or schemata--the plural)?
When a teacher gives her students pizza as a reward for a great semester, this is an example of what principle of conditioning?
What is positive reinforcement?
This cultural frame dominates developmental psychology and as a result, suggests some things are "typical" that actually can't be applied to children developing in cultures that represent 88% of the globe.
What is Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich and Democratic?
This stage of a Piaget child development theory typically occurs between birth and 2 years and describes the way youngest children use their mouths and hands to learn about the world around them.
What is sensorimotor?
This psychologist developed a theory of moral development that organized how children's understanding of ethical situations into stages.
Who was Kohlberg?
This memorization strategy involves assigning ideas to specific places (on a map, on an image, on your body). For example, you remember a grocery list by picturing the 10 items you need on 10 different fingers.
What is the loci method?
In conditioning, if I give you a punch as a punishment, it is ____________. If I take away an unpleasant experience as a reward, it is ______________.
What are positive and negative, respectively?
This concept in teaching describes the thoughtful use of time or decision-making to achieve a specific goal. Teachers without this may create fun games without clear learning outcomes.
What is "intentionality"?
This is the most prevalent criticism of Piaget's stage theory of children's cognitive development.
What is children can learn some skills more quickly if they are specifically taught OR children learn different skills at different times depending on their culture.
This phase of Erikson's theory is the reason it is so important to give students jobs in elementary school (line leader, board eraser, etc.).
What is industry vs. inferiority?
This area of the brain, above the right ear, is responsible for the human capacity to think what others are thinking.
What is the RTPJ or Right Temporol Parietal Junction?
These are the two places someone's locus of control could be centered.
What is external and internal?
This is the organization of target learning content into specific strands or objectives, which are adopted in each content area at the state level. An attempt to make these national more than a decade ago failed.
What are "standards"?
Children can more easily learn anything, until their exposure to something is deprioritized or omitted. Rather than growing new parts of our brain, we actually deepen connections that allow other capacities to fall away.
What is neuropruning?
Theories on how students learn that are focused on the context, environment, and interaction with people around them are called this.
What are social learning theories?
True of false: The best way to plant something in long-term memory so it can be applied is to repeat it. (YOU MUST EXPLAIN YOUR ANSWER).
False--information only goes into our long-term memory so it can be applied when it is connected to schema/prior information and understanding to make new meaning.
These approaches to teaching students focus on how students are motivated and demotivated and should be considered in creating lesson plans, BIPs, etc.
What are behavioral learning strategies?
This part of your brain, which controls adrenal responses, is overgrown in people who experience trauma and is smaller than average in people who regularly meditate and pray.
What is the "amygdala"?