Imperialism
Define imperialism
A policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force
What is the British East India Company?
The British company that conquered India
What economic system/ideology did the Bolsheviks follow?
Communism
Define total war
War is fought by all citizens in some way and thus all citizens are valid targets
What was the Armenian Genocide
A slaughter of the Armenian people led by the Ottoman Empire
What was the Berlin Conference?
An 1880 conference held in Berlin where the European powers carved Africa into colonies to be controlled by European powers
What was the Meiji Restoration?
A movement lead by the Japanese government to modernize as quickly as possible after the invasion by Matthew Perry
What were the significant causes of the Russian Revolution?
Czar was weak and did not understand the difficulties of the Russian people
Russians were suffering from famine, poverty, hunger, and poor leadership in WWI
Absolute monarchy meant the people had no political power
What were the five causes of WWI we discussed
Militarism
Alliances
Nationalism
Imperialism
Assassination
What was the War Guilt clause of the Treaty of Versailles?
Germany had to take responsibility for the war and as a result pay billions in reparations
What's the difference between a colony and a sphere of influence?
Imperialist countries held direct control of a colony while in a sphere of influence they mostly held control of trade/economy in
What were the Opium Wars?
A set of two wars between the British and the Chinese caused by the Chinese government trying to stop the British from bringing opium into China and leading to the Unequal Treaties
How did Stalin change previous USSR policies?
Radicalized to the point that 3 million people accused of "opposing communism" were sent to labor camps in Siberia
How did European leaders believe a "balance of power" could be maintained?
Having effective international organization
Militarism was a significant cause of WWI. What did this mean for Germany in the Treaty of Versailles?
There were significant limitations placed on the German military
Define social darwinism
A theory that groups of people/countries are subject to the same ideas of "survival of the fittest" as the natural world
What was the Boxer Rebellion?
A group of Chinese who, with the silent support of the Chinese government, attempted to limit foreign influence in China
"I have no wish to see the terrible suffering that war brings upon us, but I cannot abandon my allies, and I must defend my country." – Tsar Nicholas II, 1914
What does the Tsar indicate is his reason to remain in World War One?
Alliances and militarism
How did new technology change warfare?
New weapons meant old fighting styles were useless and lead to stalemate, slaughter, and long term lack of movement
How did WWI impact the Middle East?
European leaders betrayed Arabic leaders and carved the Middle East into "Mandates" which were ruled by European powers
What is the one African nation to successfully resist imperialism?
Who did they resist?
What was the battle that ended the war between these two groups?
Ethiopia
Italy
Battle of Adwa
What was the name of the last emperor of China and what happened to him?
Emperor Puyi was forced to abdicate in 1911, at the age of 6. He went on to rule Manchukuo (Manchuria) as a puppet under the Japanese emperor.
What happened to the Russian royal family?
Slaughtered in a cabin the woods
What was life like for civilians in World War One?
People were encouraged to conserve food, buy war bonds, and work in war related industries
What was the purpose of using poison gas in World War I? How did it impact the way battles were fought?
It got people out of the trenches and slaughtered by the machine guns and bombs