Acute Bronchitis
What is the definition of acute bronchitis?
Acute cough with symptoms of lower respiratory tract infection, such as sputum production and wheezing, in the absence of pneumonia or chronic lung dz (i.e. COPD)
at least 6 months of pain that is perceived to originate in the pelvis (includes cyclic pain)
What device is recommended to reduce the risk of SIDS
Pacifier use
When should pre-travel visit be held with PCP
6 weeks or more before departure
What lifestyle modifications should be focused on
Increasing physical activity
Weight management
Cessation of tobacco use
Consumption of whole-food, plant-based diet that minimizes intake of animal-based and ultra-processed food
Name one common symptom of acute bronchitis
Cough, sputum production
Name a common cause of chronic pelvic pain in women
Endometriosis, adenomyosis, leiomyoma, PID, PCOS, STDIs, Dysmenorrhea
Can include GI, MSK, Urologic, Pyschological causes as well
At what age should pacifier use be introduced to infants?
Should be introduced after breastfeeding has been well established, typically around 3-4 weeks
MCC of travel-related morbidity and mortality in nonimmigrants returning to the US
Acute diarrhea
Viral syndrome
IBS
SBP goal of those with HTN and CKD
< 120
Higher goal is reasonable for patients with fraility, at risk for falls, or with limiting factors such as symptomatic postural hypotension
*new guidelines state that ACEI shouldn't be dc'd for those who have nonemergent hyperkalemia
What is the primary cause of acute bronchitis?
Viral infections
(influenza, parainfluenza, rhinovirus, adenovirus, coronavirus, human metapneumovirus, RSV)
Basic workup if no red flags are present
Pregnancy test, UA, STI testing, transvaginal ultrasonography
What is the most commonly diagnosed chromosomal abnormality in children?
Trisomy 21/Down Syndrome
MCC of travel-related morbidity and mortality of US citizens while abroad
Cardiovascular events
Injuries
Cardiovascular disease - now most patients should be started on statins (previous models underestimated ASCVD risk in those with CKD)
Statins that don't require renal dosing - atorvastatin, pravastatin, simvastatin
Which diagnostic test is typically unnecessary for acute bronchitis?
Routine chest radiography
Red flag symptoms
AUB in patients > 40 yo, hematuria, masses, bowel symptoms that develop after 50, postcoital bleeding, postmenopausal bleeding, postmenopausal onset of pain, rectal bleeding, unintended weight loss
One health maintenance consideration for children with Down Syndrome
Screening for associated conditions, such as congenital heart defects
Noninfectious hazards when traveling to discuss
Sunburns, altitude sickness, motion sickness, jetlag, drowning, violent crime, motor vehicle crashes
GLP-1 agonists that don't require renal dosing + have cardiovascular benefits
Dulaglutide (trulicity)
Liraglutide (victoza)
Semaglutide (ozempic)
What is the recommended treatment approach for acute bronchitis?
Supporitve care, including rest, fluids, analgesics
Name a non-pharm treatment option for chronic pelvic pain
Pelvic floor therapy, CBT
Pacifier use after what age increases risk of mal-occlusions
18 months
Malaria medication with the most global resistance
Chloroquine
Only nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist available in the US
Finerenone (Kerendia) - slows CKD progression and reduces cardiovascular risk, specifically hospitalizations for HF, in adults with CKD and T2DM