Enlightenment Thinkers
This English philosopher believed in natural rights: life, liberty, and property.
Who is John Locke?
The Enlightenment emphasized this over tradition or superstition.
What is reason?
He was known as the Sun King and ruled France as an absolute monarch.
Who is Louis XIV?
This estate made up the majority of France’s population.
What is the Third Estate?
The Bastille was a symbol of this.
What is royal tyranny (or absolutist oppression)?
He wrote The Spirit of the Laws and proposed separation of powers.
Who is Montesquieu?
Enlightenment thinkers often criticized this powerful institution.
What is the Church?
Louis XIV built this extravagant palace to display his power.
What is Versailles?
France’s economy was in crisis due to debt from this costly event.
What is the Seven Years’ War (or the American Revolution)?
The Bastille was stormed on this date, now France’s national holiday.
What is July 14, 1789?
This Enlightenment thinker was a critic of the Church and supporter of freedom of speech.
Who is Voltaire?
This term refers to the belief that kings rule by divine authority.
What is the Divine Right of Kings?
Absolutism means that the monarch has this kind of power.
What is unlimited (or absolute) power?
This outdated assembly had not been called since 1614 until 1789.
What is the Estates-General?
The storming of the Bastille marked the beginning of this.
What is the French Revolution?
He believed society corrupts the natural goodness of man and wrote The Social Contract.
Who is Jean-Jacques Rousseau?
Enlightenment ideas helped inspire this political and social movement in France.
What is the French Revolution?
The first estate in France.
What is the clergy?
Members of the Third Estate formed this new assembly in 1789.
What is the National Assembly?
This king was in power during the storming of the Bastille.
Who is Louis XVI?
This Scottish economist argued for free markets and wrote The Wealth of Nations.
Who is Adam Smith?
This term describes an absolute ruler who adopted some Enlightenment ideas.
What is an Enlightened Despot (or Enlightened Absolutist)?
Under absolutism, this group of people had little to no say in government.
Who are the common people (or the Third Estate)?
The promise made by the National Assembly not to separate until they had a constitution.
What is the Tennis Court Oath?
This instrument became the most popular during the French Revolution.
What is a guillotine?