The African American Family
According to Wade Nobles, this ongoing issue clouds understanding of African American family life.
What is racism?
This denomination has traditionally been the majority religion among Black families in the U.S.
What is Baptist?
This food item was often exchanged by enslaved children to learn a letter of the alphabet.
What is a biscuit?
This school of thought viewed African American families as failing to meet the "normative" white standard and often labeled them as pathological.
What is the cultural ethnocentric school?
This scholar first coined the term “feminization of poverty” in 1978 after analyzing poverty trends among women in the U.S.
Who is Diana Pearce?
Nobles argues that African American families have been "held hostage" by this academic influence.
What is white-dominated research?
Old-time religion provided this kind of emotional outlet for enslaved African Americans.
What is an emotional escape from oppression?
According to Vincent Willis, enslaved children often learned to read through interaction with this group.
Who are white children?
This scholar rejected the idea that African American family life was rooted in African culture and instead blamed enslavement for family instability.
Who is E. Franklin Frazier?
Critics argue that the feminization of poverty framework often overlooks these critical social dimensions that disproportionately affect Black women.
What are race, class, and immigration status?
This theme of memorable messages includes encouragement to pray, trust God, and cite scripture in the face of discrimination.
What is Faith and Religion?
Despite women's large presence in church life, leadership roles have historically belonged to this group.
Who are men?
The desire to learn to read and write, despite being illegal, shows enslaved children’s capacity for this.
What is resistance or agency?
This conceptual approach views Black family culture as a functional response to societal conditions, not as deficient.
What is the cultural relativist school?
According to the article, this myth wrongly assumes male financial support as the foundation of family economic stability in Black communities.
What is the myth of the male breadwinner?
This mass movement saw African Americans fleeing the South in search of better lives in northern cities, only to face new barriers.
What is the Great Migration?
This African-rooted spiritual tradition still survives today in places like Louisiana and Haiti.
What is Hoodoo or Santería?
This formerly enslaved man became a powerful abolitionist after teaching himself to read and write, proving that literacy was a form of resistance.
Who is Frederick Douglass?
This school of thought argues that family differences between Blacks and whites are better explained by economic factors than by race or culture.
What is the social class analysis perspective?
The Black feminization of poverty perspective suggests poverty is due to these overlapping systems of oppression rather than just family structure.
What are racism, sexism, and classism?
Adolescents who receive consistent racial socialization messages show less of this internalized harm.
What is stigmatization?
According to William Pipes, the power of old-time Black preachers lies in this core role within the community.
What is being the most influential figure in Black religious and social life?
This abolitionist noted that granting privileges instead of rights implies control, not freedom.
Who is William Goodell?
The modern form of displacement rooted in historical discrimination, where rising property values push out long-standing Black communities.
What is gentrification?
Researchers criticize this methodological flaw in feminization of poverty studies that fails to address gender-specific inequalities within households.
What is macro-level analysis that ignores intra-household dynamics?