Concepts of Cardiovascular Health, Hypertension, and Diabetes
What is the primary function of the cardiovascular system?
To transport blood, oxygen, nutrients, and waste products throughout the body.
How does a high-sodium diet increase the risk of hypertension?
Sodium causes the body to retain water, which raises blood pressure.
What are some healthy eating habits that help prevent hypertension and diabetes?
Eating fruits, vegetables, whole grains, low sodium, and low sugar foods.
How often should blood pressure be monitored for someone at risk of hypertension?
At least once a year, or more frequently if advised by a doctor.
What types of medications are commonly prescribed to lower blood pressure?
ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers, diuretics, calcium channel blockers.
How does hypertension affect the cardiovascular system?
It puts extra strain on blood vessels and the heart, increasing the risk of heart disease and stroke.
Why is obesity considered a major risk factor for both hypertension and diabetes?
Excess weight strains the heart and affects how the body uses insulin.
How does regular physical activity help maintain normal blood pressure and blood sugar levels?
It strengthens the heart, improves insulin sensitivity, and helps maintain healthy weight.
What are the normal ranges for blood glucose levels?
Fasting: 70–99 mg/dL; 2 hours after meals: less than 140 mg/dL.
How does insulin therapy help patients with Type 1 diabetes?
It replaces the insulin the body can’t produce, helping regulate blood sugar levels.
What is the difference between Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes?
Type 1 is an autoimmune condition where the body doesn’t produce insulin; Type 2 is when the body doesn’t use insulin properly (insulin resistance).
How does family history influence the risk of developing hypertension?
Genetics can make individuals more susceptible to high blood pressure.
Why is it important to manage stress to prevent heart-related conditions?
Chronic stress can raise blood pressure and lead to unhealthy behaviors like overeating.
What are some symptoms that could indicate high blood pressure?
Often none (it’s called the “silent killer”), but severe cases may cause headaches, dizziness, or nosebleeds.
What lifestyle changes are recommended for managing hypertension?
Eating a low-salt diet, exercising, reducing alcohol, quitting smoking, and managing stress.
What is the role of endothelial function in maintaining heart health?
The endothelium regulates blood vessel dilation, blood flow, and prevents clotting and inflammation.
What role does physical inactivity play in the development of diabetes?
It reduces insulin sensitivity and contributes to weight gain and poor blood sugar control.
What role does sleep play in preventing hypertension and diabetes?
Poor sleep affects hormones related to blood pressure and insulin regulation.
How do wearable health devices assist in monitoring heart rate and blood pressure?
They track heart rate, activity levels, and some can measure blood pressure trends.
Why is it important for people with diabetes to monitor carbohydrate intake?
Carbs affect blood sugar levels, so managing intake helps control glucose.
How does chronic inflammation contribute to cardiovascular disease?
It damages blood vessels and contributes to plaque buildup, increasing the risk of heart attacks and strokes.
How does excessive alcohol consumption contribute to high blood pressure?
It can damage the heart and blood vessels, and raise blood pressure levels.
How can reducing processed sugar in your diet lower your risk of diabetes?
It prevents insulin resistance and weight gain, reducing the chance of developing Type 2 diabetes.
What is HbA1c and why is it important in diabetes monitoring?
HbA1c shows average blood glucose levels over 2–3 months and helps monitor long-term control.
How can support groups or counseling help people manage chronic conditions like hypertension and diabetes?
They offer emotional support, practical tips, and motivation to maintain healthy habits.