Ch 20
#3
True or False: Neutrophils reach the site of inflammation through chemotaxis and leave the blood via diapedesis.
Answer: True
Q42. Which of the following factors decreases hemoglobin’s affinity for oxygen, promoting oxygen unloading?
a) Decrease in temperature
b) Increased pH
c) Decreased CO2 levels
d) Increased temperature
Answer: d) Increased temperature
46. (Know the functions of all portions of the renal tubule and the pathway filtrate will take).
Question: Which portion of the renal tubule is responsible for reabsorbing the majority of water and solutes?
A) Proximal convoluted tubule
B) Loop of Henle
C) Distal convoluted tubule
D) Collecting duct
Answer: A) Proximal convoluted tubule
Q18: _________ are normal proteins on your own cells—immune system should not react to them.
A. Autoimmunity
B. Nonself-antigens
C. Self-antigens
✅ Answer: C. Self-antigens
are normal proteins on your own cells—immune system should not react to them.
Nonself-antigens: Foreign substances that trigger an immune response (e.g., bacteria, viruses).
Autoimmunity: The immune system attacks the body’s own tissues.
#1
Which of the following is not part of the first line of defense?
a) Intact skin
b) Mucous membranes
c) Phagocytes
d) Lysozyme in saliva
Answer: C) Phagocytes (These are part of the second line)
Q20. Where does gas exchange take place?
Gas exchange between the blood and the external environment primarily occurs in the ______
a) Trachea
b) Alveoli
c) Bronchioles
d) Pharynx
Answer: b) Alveoli
48. Where does the filtration of blood occur in the kidney?
A) Renal pelvis
B) Glomerulus
C) Collecting duct
D) Distal convoluted tubule
Answer: B) Glomerulus
32. (Review Boyle’s Law. Review Dalton’s Law.)
According to Boyle’s Law, if the volume of the thoracic cavity increases, the pressure of the air inside the lungs will:
a) Increase
b) Decrease
c) Remain the same
d) Vary based on temperature
Answer: b) Decrease
Q14. Name the 5 classes of antibodies:
IgM: First responder, agglutination, fixes complement
IgA: Found in mucous membranes and secretions
IgD: Helps activate B cells
IgG: Most abundant, crosses placenta, fixes complement
IgE: Allergic responses and parasites
21. Review the functions that take place in the conducting zone pathway.
Which of the following functions is carried out by the conducting zone of the respiratory system?
a) Gas exchange
b) Humidifying and warming the air
c) Oxygen transport
d) Oxygen absorption
Answer: b) Humidifying and warming the air
52. What is the normal glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in adults?
A) 50-70 ml/min
B) 120-125 ml/min
C) 150-180 ml/min
D) 200-250 ml/min
Answer: B) 120-125 ml/min
36. (What form is carbon dioxide transported?)
The majority of carbon dioxide in the blood is transported as:
a) Dissolved CO2
b) Carbonic acid
c) Bicarbonate ion
d) Carbaminohemoglobin
Answer: c) Bicarbonate ion
Q15: Which is not a mechanism of antibody action?
A) Neutralization
B) Precipitation
C) Direct cell lysis
D) Complement fixation
Answer: C) Direct cell lysis
24. Functions of anatomical structures: Larynx and Epiglottis.
The primary function of the epiglottis is to _____
a) Produce sound for speech
b) Route food to the esophagus and air to the trachea
c) Warm and humidify the air
d) Support the vocal cords
Answer: b) Route food to the esophagus and air to the trachea
53. What does glomerular hydrostatic pressure refer to?
A) Pressure in the glomerular capillaries that pushes water and solutes out
B) Osmotic pressure pulling water into the glomerulus
C) Pressure within the Bowman's capsule
D) Blood pressure in the renal vein
Answer: A) Pressure in the glomerular capillaries that pushes water and solutes out
60. What is Renal Clearance used to estimate?
A) Kidney size
B) Blood pressure
C) Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
D) Urine pH
Answer: C) Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
Q9. Put the following in order:
Memory cell formation
Clonal selection
Pathogen exposure
Plasma cell or effector T cell production
Lymphocyte activation
Answer: 3 → 5 → 2 → 4 → 1
3. Pathogen exposure
5. Lymphocyte activation
2. Clonal selection
4. Plasma cell or effector T cell production
1. Memory cell formation
27. (Which cells produce surfactant in the alveoli? Know the mechanism of action of surfactant).
Which cells produce surfactant in the alveoli?
a) Type I alveolar cells
b) Type II alveolar cells
c) Macrophages
d) Endothelial cells
Answer: b) Type II alveolar cells
54. What is the net filtration pressure (NFP) in the glomerular capillaries?
A) 0 mm Hg
B) 10 mm Hg
C) 50 mm Hg
D) 20 mm Hg
Answer: B) 10 mm Hg
64. Which of the following is characterized by the presence of white blood cells in the urine? A) Pyelonephritis
B) Anuria
C) Glucosuria
D) Pyuria
Answer: D) Pyuria