Muscles of the Shoulder
What is the primary function of the deltoid muscle?
Shoulder abduction
Which muscle is the primary elbow flexor?
Biceps brachii
What does MMT stand for?
Manual Muscle Testing
What is a simple strategy to prevent overuse injuries in the upper extremity?
Regular rest breaks and stretching
Which muscles are primarily involved in a push-up?
Pectoralis major, triceps, anterior deltoid
Which rotator cuff muscle is responsible for internal rotation?
Subscapularis
Name a forearm muscle responsible for wrist extension.
Extensor carpi radialis longus
What MMT grade is given when a muscle can complete the full ROM against gravity with no resistance?
Grade 3
What is the benefit of proper ergonomic positioning at a desk?
Reduces strain on neck, shoulders, and wrists
What muscle group is used during a pull-up?
Latissimus dorsi, biceps brachii, rhomboids
Name the four muscles of the rotator cuff.
Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres Minor, Subscapularis
Which muscle is the main forearm pronator?
Pronator teres
What grade indicates a muscle contraction with no movement?
Grade 1 (Trace)
Why is warm-up important before upper body workouts?
Increases blood flow and reduces injury risk
What muscle activates when opening a jar counterclockwise (right hand)?
Supinator
Which muscle initiates the first 15 degrees of shoulder abduction?
Supraspinatus
What is the function of the triceps brachii?
Elbow extension
What position is the patient usually in for testing shoulder abduction?
Sitting upright
What is scapular dyskinesis and why does it matter?
Abnormal movement of the scapula; can lead to shoulder impingement
What action is primarily done by the flexor carpi ulnaris?
Wrist flexion and ulnar deviation
Which muscle stabilizes the scapula and assists in upward rotation?
Serratus anterior
Which muscle flexes the DIP joints of the fingers?
Flexor digitorum profundus
What grade is assigned when a patient can complete full ROM against gravity and moderate resistance?
Grade 4 (Good)
What shoulder condition results from repetitive overhead motion and tightness in the posterior capsule?
Shoulder impingement syndrome
Which muscle stabilizes the elbow during rapid throwing motions?
Anconeus