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Maximum Heart Rate (MHR)
220-age
The volume of air inspired or expired per minute (resting approx 6-7.5 l/min)
Minute Ventilation (VE)
Stimulate many large muscle fibres and creates a large force rapidly but fatigues quickly
Fast glycolytic fibres
Blood vessels carrying oxygenated blood from the arteries to the capillary beds, which can vasodilate and vasoconstrict to regulate blood flow
Arterioles
A type of muscular contraction where the muscle changes length under tension
Isotonic muscular contraction
It collects the impulse and delays it for 0.1 seconds to allow the atria to finish contracting.
AV (atrio-ventricular) node
The pressure exerted by an individual gas held in a mixture of gases
Partial Pressure
Blood enters the atria from the vena cava and the pulmonary vein. Atria and Ventricles are relaxed
Diastole
Muscle that contracts and creates movement
Agonist
The number of times the heart beats per minute
Heart Rate (HR)
An iron-rich globular protein in red blood cells which can chemically combine with four O2 molecules to form oxyhaemoglobin
Haemoglobin
rings of smooth muscle at the junction between arterioles and capillaries, which can dilate or constrict to control blood flow through the capillary bed
Pre-capillary sphincters
A control centre within the RCC responsible for inspiration, stimulates inspiratory muscles to contract
Inspiratory Centre (IC)
Clusters of tiny air sacs covered in a dense network of capillaries which together serve as the external site for gaseous exchange
Alveoli
A move in the oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curve to the right caused by increased acidity in the blood stream and a greater dissociation of oxygen
bohr shift
A type of muscular contraction where the muscle changes length under tension
Isotonic muscular contraction
A control centre in the medulla oblongata responsible for respiratory regulation
Respiratory Control Centre (RCC)
The combining of oxygen with haemoglobin to form oxyhaemoglobin
Association
The difference in areas of pressure from one side of a membrane to the other - dictates speed of diffusion
Diffusion gradient
Resting Heart Rate below 60bpm
Bradycardia
Muscle tissue that has the capacity to generate its own electrical impulse that passes through muscular walls, forcing them to contract
Myogenic
These units stimulate few and small muscle fibres, this creates a motor unit which produces a slow and small amount of force but can resist fatigue
Slow oxidative fibres
Located in blood vessels inform CCC of blood pressure changes
Baroreceptors
The movement of oxygen from the blood stream into the muscle cell and carbon dioxide from the muscle cell into the blood stream
Internal Respiration
Located in the septum of the heart, it splits the impulse in two, so its ready to be distributed through each separate ventricle
Bundle of His