Conjugation
What structure connects two bacterial cells during conjugation?
What is a pilus?
What is the uptake of naked DNA from the environment called?
What is transformation?
Does Generalized Transduction consist of Bacteriophages or Temperate phages?
What is any bacteriaphage?
Does Specialized Transduction consist of Bacteriophages or Temperate phages?
What is a Temperate Phage?
What is the name of the molecule that serves as genetic material for most organisms?
DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid).
Conjugation mainly transfers what kind of DNA?
What is plasmid DNA?
Is Transformation Direct or Indirect.
What is Indirect?
Which cycle is generalized transduction associated with, and is it able to complete said cycle?
What is the lytic cycle? No it cannot.
During specialized transduction, only specific segments of bacterial DNA are transferred. What determines which segments are moved?
What is the proximity of bacterial genes to the phage’s integration site? (How close it is)
Which structure in bacteria provides resistance to antibiotics?
Plasmids encoding resistance genes.
What must a bacterium have to donate DNA via conjugation?
What is the F plasmid (fertility factor)?
What must a bacterium be to perform transformation?
What is a competent cell?
True or False: Only specific bacterial genes are transferred in generalized transduction.
What is False?
What is the integrated viral DNA inside a bacterial chromosome called?
What is a prophage?
What is the term for the bacterial method of acquiring genetic material directly from another cell through a temporary connection?
Conjugation.
What is the primary requirement for conjugation to occur between two bacterial cells?
Physical contact through the pilus.
What type of DNA is most commonly taken up by bacteria during natural transformation?
Chromosomal DNA fragments.
Generalized transduction can transfer genes from one bacterial cell to another. What does this process contribute to in bacterial populations?
Genetic diversity.
In specialized transduction, what mistake happens during the excision of phage DNA?
What is bacterial DNA being picked up with viral DNA?
What is the primary function of ribosomes in a bacterial cell?
Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis.
What is the term for the donor cell that contains the F plasmid and transfers genes during conjugation?
What is the F+ cell
What role do competence factors play in bacterial transformation?
Competence factors are proteins that enable bacteria to uptake and incorporate foreign DNA.
What happens to bacterial DNA during generalized transduction?
Random bacterial DNA is accidentally packaged into a phage particle.
True or False: Specialized transduction can only occur at specific sites near the prophage.
What is True?
Who is MOSTLY considered the "father of microbiology"?
Louis Pasteur.