Vocab 1
The process of changing from hand-made goods to machine-made goods, leading to growth in factories and mass production.
Industrialization
A powerful machine that used steam to generate energy, helping run factories, trains, and ships. Invented by James Watt.
Steam Engine
An economic idea meaning "let it be," where governments do not interfere with businesses or the economy.
Laissez-Faire
A wealthy person who owns factories and businesses during industrialization and profits from workers' labor.
Industrial Capitalist
A way of producing goods where many workers and machines are gathered in one place to make products more efficiently.
Factory System
Making large amounts of goods quickly and cheaply, usually by using machines and assembly lines.
Mass Production
An economic system where businesses are privately owned and operate for profit with little government control.
Capitalism
A production method where a product is built step-by-step by different workers as it moves along a line.
Assembly Line
The growth of cities as people moved from the countryside to work in factories.
Urbanization
Identical machine-made parts that could be swapped easily, making repairs faster and production cheaper.
Interchangeable Parts
An economic system where the government owns or controls major industries to reduce inequality between rich and poor.Socialism
Socialism
Small-scale production where goods were made by hand at home before factories became common.
Cottage Industry
When large landowners fenced off common lands, forcing many small farmers to move to cities for work.
Enclosure Movement
A group of workers who join together to fight for better pay, working conditions, and rights.
Labor Union
A political and economic system where all property is owned by the community, and everyone is supposed to share wealth equally.
Communism
The basic physical systems needed for a society to function, like roads, bridges, railways, and water systems.
Infrastructure
The first major industry to industrialize, focused on making cloth and clothing using machines like the spinning jenny.
Textile Industry
When children were hired to work long hours in factories, often in dangerous conditions, for little pay.
Child Labor
A philosopher who co-wrote The Communist Manifesto and believed workers should rise up and create a classless society.
Karl Marx
When a stronger country takes control of a weaker country to gain resources, land, and power, often connected to industrial needs.
Imperialism