The Hurt Locker: Cellular Edition
This classic sign of inflammation results from increased blood flow to an affected area.
What is Erythema?
This progressive neurological disease is characterized by memory loss, confusion, and beta-amyloid plaque buildup.
What is Alzheimer's disease?
These valves prevent backflow of blood from the ventricles into the atria during systole.
***DAILY DOUBLE****
Can wager up to 500 points
What are the tricuspid and mitral valves
This bacteria, commonly associated with peptic ulcers and gastritis, thrives in the acidic environment of the stomach by secreting urease, which neutralizes stomach acid.
What is Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)?
These tiny hair-like structures line the respiratory tract, help move mucus and trapped particles out of the airways, and are damaged by vaping and smoking.
What are cilia?
This systemic response to severe infection can lead to organ dysfunction and dangerously low blood pressure.
DAILY DOUBLE!!!!
This component of the outer membrane of bacteria is responsible for the above.
What is sepsis?
What is endotoxin?
This hormone is released from the adrenal cortex in response to angiotensin II and promotes sodium and water reabsorption in the kidneys.
What is aldosterone?
This peptide increases vascular permeability and directly activates pain receptors during inflammation.
What is bradykinin?
A lack of dopamine in the substantia nigra contributes to the tremors and rigidity seen in this disorder.
What is Parkinson's?
A deficiency in this vitamin can lead to megaloblastic anemia, with symptoms like fatigue and glossitis.
***DAILY DOUBLE****
Megoblastic refers to ______ and ______ red blood cells.
$200 points for each right answer.
What is B12?
What is large and immature?
This virus, transmitted through sexual contact, is the leading cause of cervical cancer worldwide.
What is Human Papillomavirus (HPV)?
Hypoventilation causes this carbon dioxide to rise, commonly referred to as this
What is hypercapnia
In bacterial infections, this type of white blood cell is often the first to respond and shows up elevated in lab results.
What are neutrophils?
Name one hormone that stimulate the development of ovarian follicles and ovulation
What are LH and FSH?
This chemical, released by mast cells, increases vascular permeability and contributes to edema during inflammation
What is histamine?
This most common type of stroke, resulting from a blood clot blocking a cerebral artery.
What is ischemic stroke?
This heart sound, heard early in diastole, is often a sign of heart failure or volume overload.
What is an S3
****DAILY DOUBLE****
GI Jane suffered trauma in the field. Medics couldn't get to her for 3 days while she lay in pain from a crush injury.
1. What test will be elevated as a result of muscle breakdown?
2. What causes Janes urine to be dark, tea colored?
What are CK and myoglobin?
This is defined as the flow of blood through the alveolar capillary beds
What is perfusion?
This type of white blood cell is primarily involved in allergic reactions and parasitic infections.
What are eosinophils?
This hormone stimulates parietal cells in the stomach to secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl), which lowers stomach pH.
What is gastrin?
This type of immune cell infiltrates the vessel wall and transforms into foam cells, contributing to plaque buildup.
What are macrophages?
This synthetic analog of ADH is commonly used to treat central diabetes insipidus.
What is desmopressin
This lab parameter rises when the bone marrow releases immature red cells prematurely in response to significant anemia.
What is a reticulocyte count?
Renin is released from these specialized kidney cells in response to decreased perfusion pressure, sympathetic stimulation, or low sodium levels.
What are juxtaglomerular cells?
This type of hypersensitivity reaction involves IgE-mediated activation of mast cells and basophils, leading to histamine release, urticaria, and possible difficulty breathing.
Type 1 hypersensitivity
These signaling proteins are released by infected cells to warn neighboring cells and stimulate immune responses.
What are cytokines?
This hormone, produced by the C-cells of the thyroid gland, helps lower blood calcium levels by inhibiting osteoclast activity and promoting calcium excretion by the kidneys.
What is calcitonin?
These three components, known as Virchow’s triad, represent the major risk factors for venous thrombosis, commonly seen in the lower extremities.
What are venous stasis, endothelial injury, and hypercoagulability
This brain structure, part of the limbic system, is central to processing fear and emotional responses.
What is the amygdala?
This process, involving the proliferation of smooth muscle cells and deposition of extracellular matrix, stabilizes the plaque but also narrows the vessel lumen.
What is fibrous cap formation?
This measurement, commonly used to assess kidney function, represents the rate at which blood is filtered through the glomeruli, typically expressed in milliliters per minute.
What is the Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)?
This hormone, triggered by hypoxia, is produced by the kidneys and stimulates the production of red blood cells in the bone marrow.
What is Erythropoietin?
This acute-phase protein, produced by the liver in response to IL-6, is commonly used as a marker of inflammation and infection severity.
What is C-reactive protein (CRP)?
This autoimmune disorder causes hyperthyroidism due to the production of antibodies that stimulate the thyroid gland, leading to symptoms like weight loss, heat intolerance, and exophthalmos.
What is Graves disease?