Congress
What is a bicameral legislature?
A legislature that consists of two separate chambers, specifically the House of Representatives and the Senate.
What is the role of the Commander-in-Chief?
The President's role as the head of the armed forces, responsible for military decisions.
What is judicial review?
The power of courts to evaluate the constitutionality of legislative and executive actions.
What are cabinet departments?
Major administrative units with specific responsibilities, such as the Department of Education and Department of Defense.
What is a pocket veto?
A method by which the President can indirectly veto a bill by not signing it within ten days while Congress is adjourned.
What are the enumerated powers of Congress?
Powers specifically listed in Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution, such as the power to tax, declare war, and regulate commerce
What is an executive order?
A directive issued by the President that has the force of law without needing Congressional approval.
What did Marbury v. Madison establish?
The principle of judicial review, allowing courts to invalidate laws that conflict with the Constitution.
What is the function of regulatory commissions?
Agencies that create rules and regulations to enforce laws in specific areas, such as the SEC or EPA.
What does Federalist No. 51 discuss?
The necessity of checks and balances and the separation of powers to prevent tyranny.
What is a filibuster? And, how does it end?
A tactic used in the Senate to delay or prevent a vote on a bill by extending debate; cloture
What are checks on presidential power?
Mechanisms such as Senate confirmation, veto overrides, impeachment, and judicial review that limit presidential authority.
What is the difference between judicial activism and restraint?
Activism involves broad interpretation and a policy-making role, while restraint emphasizes deference to elected branches and narrow rulings.
What is bureaucratic discretion?
The ability of bureaucrats to make decisions on how laws are implemented and enforced.
What is an example of a check on the President?
The Senate's power to confirm or reject presidential appointments.
What are the differences between the House and Senate?
The House has 435 members with 2-year terms and is more formal, while the Senate has 100 members with 6-year terms and is less formal.
What is the State of the Union address?
An annual speech delivered by the President to Congress outlining the administration's agenda and priorities.
What is the importance of precedent in court cases?
It ensures consistency in judicial rulings, guiding courts in future decisions.
How does Congress exercise oversight of the bureaucracy?
Through funding, hearings, and investigations to ensure compliance with laws and regulations.
What is the role of judicial review?
To ensure that laws and executive actions comply with the Constitution, acting as a check on legislative and executive power.
What is the role of the Rules Committee?
A committee in the House that determines the rules for debate on a bill, including time limits and amendment procedures.
How has the modern presidency expanded in power?
Through the use of media, executive orders, and increased authority during crises.
What is the structure of the federal court system?
It consists of District Courts, Courts of Appeals, and the Supreme Court.
What are government corporations?
Entities created by Congress that operate like private businesses but provide public services, such as the U.S. Postal Service.
What is the significance of Senate confirmation?
It serves as a check on presidential power by requiring Senate approval for key appointments and treaties.