Memory deficits in TBI
This type of amnesia involves difficulty forming new memories after a traumatic brain injury.
What is anterograde amnesia?
This mental health condition, often co-occurring with TBI, can complicate the diagnosis of memory problems due to shared symptoms.
What is PTSD?
This brain region is essential for encoding new episodic memories and is often damaged in TBI.
What is the hippocampus?
Damage to this brain region, especially common in severe TBI, disrupts working memory and executive function.
What is the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex?
This common cognitive screening tool, along with the MoCA, often fails to detect subtle memory deficits in TBI patients.
What is the MMSE (Mini-Mental State Examination)?
Damage to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex typically results in difficulty with this type of memory and task management.
What is working memory?
According to the Glasgow Coma Scale, a score of 9–12 typically reflects this severity level of TBI, often associated with impairments in both anterograde and working memory.
What is moderate TBI?
This is a major reason why improvements from computerized memory exercises might not help in daily life.
What is poor generalization (or: the improvements don’t carry over to real-world situations)?
This type of injury, common in TBI, disrupts the fronto-hippocampal loop and impairs strategy use.
What is diffuse axonal injury?
This memory deficit, affecting future-oriented tasks like remembering appointments, is reported in up to 60% of severe TBI cases.
What is prospective memory failure?
Factors like geography, insurance, and healthcare priorities often prevent patients with TBI from accessing this type of intervention.
What is cognitive rehabilitation?
Name two molecular processes that occur in the secondary injury window and contribute to long-term memory deficits.
What are neuroinflammation and oxidative stress?
This neurotransmitter, heavily involved in attention and working memory, is often disrupted after TBI—particularly due to damage in the ventral forebrain cholinergic system.
What is acetylcholine?
Along with GFAP, this molecule is gaining attention as a potential biomarker to track the effects of brain injury on memory.
What is NfL (neurofilament light chain)?
Hippocampal excitotoxicity interferes with this cellular mechanism, which underlies memory formation.
What is long-term potentiation?
The collective noun of this animal is called a knot
What is a toad?