Ancient Innovations
This invention from Mesopotamia helped move heavy goods and made farming easier.
What is the Wheel?
In 49 BCE, this Roman general started a civil war by crossing the Rubicon River.
Who is Julius Caesar?
The word for when one country establishes control over another, often for economic, political, and social reasons.
What is Colonization?
Goods, ideas, and inventions travelled this route for centuries.
What is the Silk Road?
This was a group of 300 wealthy men who made laws and advised leaders in the Roman Republic.
What is the Senate?
Ancient Egyptians used this plant-based material to write records and share knowledge.
What is Papyrus?
This political system, developed by the Greeks, inspired modern governments.
What is democracy?
The practice of farming and cultivating crops, essential to the survival of ancient civilizations.
What is agriculture?
This Roman structure is still visited by tourists today.
What is the Coliseum?
These two elected leaders shared power and had to agree on decisions.
What are the Consuls?
The Chinese invention of this explosive material changed warfare forever.
What is gunpowder?
These violent struggles between Roman generals, like Caesar, weakened the Republic.
What are civil wars?
This ancient kingdom is located in present-day Ethiopia, known for its strong trade and adoption of Christianity.
What is Axum?
This set of Babylonian laws is one of the oldest known legal codes.
What is the Code of Hammurabi?
These groups of Roman citizens could vote on laws and elect officials.
What are the Assemblies?
Romans built these to transport fresh water into cities for drinking and bathing.
What are aqueducts?
Many officials in the Roman Republic used their positions for personal gain.
What is political corruption?
Groups from outside a civilization that invade or conquer, often leading to major changes or destruction.
What are invaders?
Sailors used this invention to navigate the seas more accurately.
What is the Compass?
This idea, used in the Roman Republic and modern democracies, prevents one part of the government from becoming too powerful.
What are checks and balances?
This Indian invention, including the concept of zero, made complex math and science possible.
What are Indian numerals?
Wealth was owned mostly by the rich, forcing poor Romans off their land or into cities.
What is economic inequality?
This civilization used a picture-writing system thousands of years ago.
What is Ancient Egypt?
This structure guarded the pyramids and remains a symbol of Ancient Egypt.
What is the Sphinx?
This principle means that laws should be written down and applied equally to all people.
What is the Rule of Law?